10/03/2025
✳️ The Diversity of Beliefs and Religions in Vietnam
Vietnam is a country rich in religious and spiritual diversity, reflecting its profound cultural and historical heritage. The country recognizes and permits the practice of 16 officially recognized religions, including both indigenous traditions and foreign-introduced faiths.
1. Major Religions in Vietnam:
- Buddhism: Introduced to Vietnam in the early centuries AD, Buddhism has become one of the largest religions in the country. According to statistics, approximately 14.91% of the population are Buddhist followers.
- Catholicism: Introduced in the 16th century, Catholicism now has about 7.35% of the population adhering to this faith.
- Protestantism: Arriving in Vietnam in the late 19th century, Protestantism currently accounts for 1.1% of the population.
- Cao Dai: An indigenous religion founded in 1926, Cao Dai integrates elements from multiple religious traditions. It has about 0.6% of the population as followers.
- Hoa Hao Buddhism: Also an indigenous religion, established in 1939, Hoa Hao Buddhism has approximately 1.4% of the population practicing its beliefs.
- Islam: Primarily followed by the Cham ethnic community, Islam represents about 0.1% of the population.
- Additionally, there are other recognized religions such as Tu An Hieu Nghia, Buu Son Ky Huong, Tinh Do Cu Si Buddhist Association of Vietnam, Minh Ly Dao, Minh Su Dao, and several smaller religious groups.
2. Vietnamese Folk Beliefs:
This is a traditional belief system that includes ancestor worship, reverence for natural deities, and national heroes. According to various sources, approximately 45.3% of the Vietnamese population practice folk beliefs.
- The Worship of Mother Goddesses in Vietnam is not considered an official religion but is regarded as a deeply rooted folk belief system. It involves the veneration of female deities, particularly the Tam Phu, Tu Phu (Mother of Heaven, Mother of Earth, Mother of Water, and Mother of Mountains & Forests).
- While it does not have an organized religious structure like Buddhism or Catholicism, the practice of Mother Goddess worship was recognized by UNESCO in 2016 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
There are no official statistics on the number of people following this belief system, but researchers suggest that most Vietnamese who practice folk beliefs (approximately 45.3% of the population) engage in some form of Mother Goddess worship. This includes home altars, visiting temples dedicated to Mother Goddesses, participating in ritual spirit possession (Hau D**g), or attending major festivals such as the Phu Day Festival (Nam Dinh)…
It can be affirmed that the Mother Goddess Worship is one of the most important belief systems in Vietnam, deeply influencing culture, arts, and spiritual life.