05/24/2022
May 21, 2006: Katherine Dunham died in her sleep from natural causes in New York City. She died a month before her 97th birthday.
Katherine Dunham was a dancer, choreographer, creator of the Dunham Technique, author, educator, anthropologist, and social activist.
Dunham had one of the most successful dance careers in African-American and European theater of the 20th century, and directed her own dance company for many years. She has been called the "matriarch and queen mother of Black dance."
SOCIAL ACTIVISM:
โ๐ฟThe Katherine Dunham Company toured throughout North America in the mid-1940s. Dunham refused to hold a show in one theater after finding out that the city's Black residents had not been allowed to buy tickets for the performance.
One historian noted that "during the course of the tour, Dunham and the troupe had recurrent problems with racial discrimination, leading her to a posture of militancy which was to characterize her subsequent career."
โ๐ฟIn Hollywood, Dunham refused to sign a lucrative studio contract when the producer said she would have to replace some of her darker-skinned company members.
โ๐ฟIn 1950, while visiting Brazil, Dunham and her group were refused rooms at a first-class hotel in Sรฃo Paulo, the Hotel Esplanada, frequented by many American businessmen. She made sure the incident was publicized.
The incident was widely discussed in the Brazilian press and became a hot political issue. In response, the Afonso Arinos law was passed in 1951 that made racial discrimination in public places a felony in Brazil.
โ๐ฟIn 1992, at age 83, Dunham went on a highly publicized hunger strike to protest the discriminatory U.S. foreign policy against Haitian boat-people. Time reported that, "she went on a 47-day hunger strike to protest the U.S.'s forced repatriation of Haitian refugees. "My job", she said, "is to create a useful legacy."
Dunham ended her fast only after exiled Haitian president Jean-Bertrand Aristide and Jesse Jackson came to her and personally requested that she stop risking her life for this cause.
In recognition of her stance, President Aristide later awarded her a medal of Haiti's highest honor.