Pages in Time

05/12/2023

Gestalt Principles – a Background
“Gestalt” is German for “unified whole”. The first Gestalt Principles were devised in the 1920s by German psychologists Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler—who aimed to understand how humans typically gain meaningful perceptions from the chaotic stimuli around them. They identified a set of laws which address the natural compulsion to find order in disorder. According to this, the mind “informs” what the eye sees by perceiving a series of individual elements as a whole. Professionals in the then-growing industry of graphic design quickly adopted these principles, and designers have since used Gestalt Principles extensively to craft designs with well-placed elements that catch the eye as larger, whole images.

The whole is other than the sum of the parts.

- Kurt Koffka. This theory has been debated by academia for a century. In summary, The first job of a creative artist or designer is to identify the epicenter of a creation. This is accomplished by understanding the principles of Linear Perspective and three linear lines which intersect on the horizon at defined angles. This principle is known as the vanishing point, a single dot on the horizon. The beginning of creation. The creation as a whole is approached from the inside out. Dot by Dot. Done correctly, it plays to its audience as a symphony or a well crafted novel. An example of this approach can be viewed at 19-thomas-ryan.pixels.com. Category Maritime. Title - Moonstruck. I hope you have found this post to be educational as well as informative.

04/08/2023

The perception of lightness in 3-D curved objects
Luiz Pessoa, E. Mingolla, L. Arend
Published 1 August 1996
Art
Perception & Psychophysics
Lightness constancy in complex scenes requires that the visual system take account of information concerning variations of illumination falling on visible surfaces. Three experiments on the perception of lightness for three-dimensional (3-D) curved objects show that human observers are better able to perform this accounting for certain scenes than for others. The experiments investigate the effect of object curvature, illumination direction, and object shape on lightness perception. Lightness constancy was quite good when a rich local gray-level context was provided. Deviations occurred when both illumination and reflectance changed along the surface of the objects. Does the perception of a 3-D surface and illuminant layout help calibrate lightness judgments? Our results showed a small but consistent improvement between lightness matches on ellipsoid shapes, relative to flat rectangle shapes, under illumination conditions that produce similar image gradients. Illumination change over 3-D forms is therefore taken into account in lightness perception. This artform is well represented in lithography. Examples of this artform can be viewed by visiting 19-thomas-ryan.pixels.com; Category Shadows.

02/22/2023

The Lights are Crying.
Oil on Canvas.
Impressionism Impasto.
Toll Booth, a Rainy Night in Charlotte NC.
19-thomas-ryan.pixels.com

02/15/2023

Looking for design inspiration? Browse our curated collections!

THE IMPORTANCE of GENRES.

Genre's in its simplest form refers to a specific movement and point in time as it relates to modern day movements. Many of today's artists carry traits that refer to the periodic time table and evolution thru-out history. Is it important to fully understand all of this information ??. NO!!. However, as a Collector of art, when you come upon a work of art that speaks to you, it absolutely helps to identify with the artists traits and the period or periods they refer to. In short, understanding these traits will narrow your search in future additions to your collection.

I hope you have found this information useful.

Pages in Time,
Thomas J. Ryan
Art, Life, and the Pursuit of Happiness.

By: Jesse Bryant Wilder
Updated: 02-22-2022
From The Book: Art History For Dummies
Art History for Dummies: Periodic Time Table

The history of art is immense; the earliest cave paintings pre-date writing by almost 27,000 years! If you're interested in art history, the first thing you should do is take a look at the timeline table in this Cheat Sheet, which briefly outlines the artists, traits, works, and events that make up major art periods and how art has evolved to the present day.
Art history timeline
Art Periods/Movements Characteristics Chief Artists and Major Works Historical Events
Stone Age (30,000 BCEE–2500 BCEE) Cave painting, fertility goddesses, megalithic structures Lascaux Cave Painting, Woman of Willendorf, Stonehenge Ice Age ends (10,000 BCE–8,000 BCE); New Stone Age and first permanent settlements (8000 BCE–2500 BCE)
Mesopotamian (3500 BCE–539 BCE) Warrior art and narration in stone relief Standard of Ur, Gate of Ishtar, Stele of Hammurabi’s Code Sumerians invent writing (3400 BCE); Hammurabi writes his law code (1780 BCE); Abraham founds monotheism
Egyptian (3100 BCE–30 BCE) Art with an afterlife focus: pyramids and tomb painting Imhotep, Step Pyramid, Great Pyramids, Bust of Nefertiti Narmer unites Upper/Lower Egypt (3100 BCE); Rameses II battles the Hittites (1274 BCE); Cleopatra dies (30 BCE)
Greek and Hellenistic (850 BCE–31 BCE) Greek idealism: balance, perfect proportions; architectural orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Polykleitos, Praxiteles, statues of Kritios Boy, Discobolus, Laocoön and His Sons, Venus de Milo Athens defeats Persia at Marathon (490 BCE); Peloponnesian Wars (431 BCE–404 BCE); Alexander the Great’s conquests (336 BCE–323 BCE)
Roman (500 BCE–CE 476) Roman realism: practical and down-to-earth; the arch Augustus of Primaporta, Colosseum, Pantheon, Trajan’s Column Julius Caesar assassinated (44 BCE); Augustus proclaimed Emperor (27 BCE); Diocletian splits Empire (CE 292); Rome falls (CE 476)
Byzantine and Islamic (CE 476–1453) Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; Islamic architecture and amazing mazelike design Hagia Sophia, Andrei Rublev, Mosque of Cordoba, the Alhambra Justinian partly restores Western Roman Empire (CE 533–CE 562); Iconoclasm Controversy (CE 726–CE 843); Birth of Islam (CE 610) and Muslim Conquests (CE 632–CE 732)
Middle Ages (500–1400) Celtic art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque, Gothic St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral, Notre Dame, Chartres; Cimabue, Duccio; Giotto Viking raids (793–1066); Battle of Hastings (1066); Crusades I–IV (1095–1204); Black Death (1347–1351); Hundred Years War (1337–1453)
Early and High Renaissance (1400–1550) Rebirth of classical culture Ghiberti’s Doors, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo Gutenberg invents movable type (1447); Turks conquer Constantinople (1453); Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin Luther starts Reformation (1517)
Venetian and Northern Renaissance (1430–1550) The Renaissance spreads northward to France, the Low Countries, Poland, Germany, and England Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden Council of Trent and Counter Reformation (1545–1563); Copernicus proves the earth revolves around the sun (1543)
Mannerism (1527–1580) Art that breaks the rules; artifice over nature Tintoretto, El Greco, Pontormo, Bronzino, Sofonisba Anguissola, Lavinia Fontana Magellan circumnavigates the globe (1520–1522)
Baroque (1600–1750) Splendor and flourish for God; art as a weapon in the religious wars Reubens, Rembrandt, Hals, Caravaggio, Artemesia Gentileschi, Elisabetta Sirani, Judith Leyster,Velázquez Palace of Versailles Thirty Years War between Catholics and Protestants (1618–1648)
Neoclassical (1750–1850) Art that recaptures Greco-Roman grace and grandeur David, Ingres, Joshua Reynolds, Angelica Kaufmann, Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Labille-Guiard, Canova, Houdon Enlightenment (18th century); Industrial Revolution (1760–1850)
Romanticism (1780–1850) The triumph of imagination and individuality Caspar Friedrich, Gericault, Delacroix, Turner, William Blake, Henry Fuseli, Goya American Revolution (1775–1783); French Revolution (1789–1799); Napoleon crowned emperor of France (1803)
Realism, Hudson River School, Pre-Raphaelites, The Ten, Ashcan School (1848–1910) Celebrating working class and peasants; en plein air rustic painting Corot, Courbet, Daumier, Bonheur, Millet, Cole, Durand, Bierstadt, Catlin, Homer, Eakins, Rossetti, Spartali Stillman, Millais, Dewing, Tarbell, Benson, Sloan, Luks European democratic revolutions of 1848; Westward expansion of the United States, California Gold Rush of 1849.
Impressionism (1869–1885) Capturing fleeting effects of natural light Monet, Manet, Renoir, Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot, Degas, Chase, Hassam, Frieseke, Peterson Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871); Unification of Germany (1871)
Post-Impressionism (1886–1892) A soft revolt against Impressionism Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, Seurat, Ensor, Toulouse-Lautrec, Rodin Belle Époque (late-19th-century Golden Age); Japan defeats Russia (1905)
Fauvism and Expressionism (1905–1939) Harsh colors and flat surfaces (Fauvism); emotion distorting form Matisse, Derain, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Gabriel Münter, Franz Marc, Käthe Kollwitz, Gustav Klimt, Egon Shiele Boxer Rebellion in China (1900); World War I (1914–1918)
Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism, Constructivism, De Stijl, Precisionism, Harlem Renaissance (1905–1944) Pre– and Post–World War I art experiments: new forms to express modern life Picasso, Braque, Leger, Boccioni, Severini, Malevich, Tatlin, Gabo, Mondrian, O’Keeffe, Demuth, Sheeler, Douglas, Johnson, Savage Russian Revolution (1917); American women franchised (1920)
Dada and Surrealism, Modernist Architecture (1917–1950) Mock art; painting dreams and exploring the unconscious Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, Magritte, Miro, Kahlo, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier Disillusionment after World War I; Great Depression (1929–1938); World War II (1939–1945) and N**i horrors; atomic bombs dropped on Japan (1945)
Abstract Expressionism (1940s–1950s) and Pop Art (1960s) Post–World War II: pure abstraction and expression without form; popular art absorbs consumerism Gorky, Po***ck, Krasner, de Kooning, Rothko, Warhol, Close, Lichtenstein, Joseph Beuys, Yoko Ono, Carolee Schneemann Cold War and Vietnam War (U.S. enters 1965); U.S.S.R. suppresses Hungarian revolt (1956) and Czechoslovakian revolt (1968)
Postmodernism and Deconstructivism (1970–) Art without a center and reworking and mixing past styles Gerhard Richter, Cindy Sherman, Anselm Kiefer, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Judy Chicago, Smithson, Christo and Jeanne-Claude, ORLAN, James Turrell, Anish Kapoor, Olafur Eliasson Nuclear freeze movement; Cold War fizzles; Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. (1989–1991), Iraq wars, climate change, rise of populism and autocracies.

Shop for artwork by Thomas Ryan. Purchase canvas prints, framed prints, tapestries, posters, greeting cards, and more. Career automotive executive retired. Full time artist. Born Chicago Il., May 27 1954. Favoring American Impressionism..

02/15/2023

Shop for artwork by Thomas Ryan. Purchase canvas prints, framed prints, tapestries, posters, greeting cards, and more. Career automotive executive retired. Full time artist. Born Chicago Il., May 27 1954. Favoring American Impressionism..

02/05/2023

ART FORM:

An educational tuitorial.
BEGINNINGS
WORTH the READ !!!

https://onlineartlessons.com/tutorial/7
The Persuit of Art, Life, and Happiness

Learn what the 7 elements of art are and how you can use them to add extra depth, dimension and interest to your artworks.

02/03/2023

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01/30/2023

Think of the last time you saw art in person – whether it was at a museum, at an exhibition, or even just on the street – did you get it? Did you really understand what the artist was trying to communicate with their piece? If you’re like most people, probably not. Art can seem confusing and difficult to interpret; however, with some training and education, anyone can learn how to perceive art in an effective way! Let's look at the ways visual perception is applicable to the PERCEIVE process component in the visual arts standards.

For the purposes of this post, when referring to PERCEIVE as a process component of visual art standards, I've written it in all caps like it is in the standards documents.

Let's get going!

Start with an Open Mind
I wanted to begin this post by asking you to keep an open mind as you read. Many times, when educators and parents hear "art," their brains immediately go to the cute and cookie cutter. They stop there. They don't let their brains get to an understanding of how visual art processes and understandings are related to everything else. They may value art for fine motor development, in service of another content area, or as a way to have fun; but they just never get to the truly academic value.

I think this is because of the way many adults were "taught" about art at the elementary level when they were growing up. The connections weren't made to the bigger picture. And, let's be honest, some of these understandings are relatively new to the field of education, brain science, and art.

So, keep an open mind here. See this post through to the end and spend some time reflecting on the connectedness of visual art to everything else in the world, including other academic subject matter.

What is Visual Perception
Visual perception is our ability to gather and interpret visual information about what we see. Our brains automatically process visual input from our eyes and make it seem like there’s no effort involved at all. Let me tell you, though, a lot of effort is involved. A LOT. We don’t even realize how much work our brains are doing.

The definition of PERCEIVE is to become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand, interpret or look on (someone or something) in a particular way.

Since, visual perception refers to the brain’s ability to make sense of what the eyes see, it logically follows that perception in visual art allows us to take in as much information as possible through our sense of sight. (Note that this is not the same as visual acuity which refers to how clearly a person sees -for example, “20/20 vision.” A person can have 20/20 vision and still have problems with visual perceptual processing.)

01/15/2022

War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a conflict fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against Great Britain and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It began when the US declared war on 18 June 1812 and although peace terms were agreed in the December 1814 Treaty of Ghent, did not officially end until ratified by Congress on 17 February 1815.

01/13/2022

The war of 1812 began on June 18, 1812, and ended December 24, 1814, with the Treaty of Ghent. However, the final battle of the war was fought on January 8, 1815, after the Treaty had already been signed. President Madison finally signed his name on the Senate ratified treaty on February 16, 1815.[1]

01/10/2022

From over the pond circa lat 1800's came a challenge from the Lipton tea empire, The gauntlet was passed from Mr. Lipton to a uniqely wealthy community. A racing saling yacht community was formed. Very wealthy individuals representing nations from around the world accepted ther challenge. It is known today as the Americas Cup and is held every 3 years. The photo is an original painting of the J Class Racing Yacht😊