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06/01/2022

06/01/2022

ναύτης naútēs 'sailor'
κελεύει keleúei 'he orders'
δούλοις doúlois 'for slaves (dative)'
Exception 1: Certain compounds made from an ordinary word and an enclitic suffix have an acute even though they have long vowel–short vowel:[59]

οἵδε hoíde 'these', ἥδε hḗde 'this (fem.)' (but τῶνδε tônde 'of these')

06/01/2022

If the accent comes on the penultimate syllable, it must be a circumflex if the last two vowels of the word are long–short. This applies even to words ending in -ξ -x or -ψ -ps:

σῶμα sôma 'body'
δοῦλος doûlos 'slave'
κῆρυξ kêrux 'herald'
λαῖλαψ laîlaps 'storm'

06/01/2022

ἀνθρώπου anthrṓpou 'of a man'
ἀνθρώποις anthrṓpois 'for men'
ἐβουλόμην eboulómēn 'I wanted'
The ending -ει -ei always counts as long, and in the optative mood, the endings -οι -oi or -αι -ai also count as long and cause the accent to move forward in the same way:

ποιήσει poiḗsei 'he will do'
ποιήσοι poiḗsoi 'he would do' (future optative)

06/01/2022

θάλασσα thálassa 'sea'
ἐποίησαν epoíēsan 'they did'
ἄνθρωπος ánthrōpos 'person'
ἄνθρωποι ánthrōpoi 'people'
βούλομαι boúlomai 'I want'
Exception: ὧντινων hôntinōn 'of what sort of', in which the second part is an enclitic word.[56]

With a few exceptions, the accent can come on the antepenult only if the last syllable of the word is 'light'. The last syllable counts as light if it ends in a short vowel, or if it ends in a short vowel followed by no more than one consonant, or if the word ends in -οι -oi or -αι -ai, as in the above examples. But for words like the following, which have a heavy final syllable, the accent moves