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14/03/2026

Chiefdoms Turned Kingdoms: “The Recycling of Authoritarianism in Post-Liberation South Sudan"

—Mathou G Majangdit, member of the ENLIGHTENMENT II.

Breath in, breath out and ask the following questions; Who is ruling south Sudan currently? How do they rule it? When did it begin and how? Is such ruling Good? Is it compatible with popular accepted political norm of democracy? And what could we do about it ?

Generally, the current government in South Sudan is essentially a government of generals and chiefs. Power flows through chiefs, who head clans , and they are the ones who effectively decide who rises to become the next politician or military officer. Most serving generals—and those who served before them—trace connections back to chiefs, whether through direct blood ties or marriage allyship.

This isn't a recent creation and I will provide living evidence for this in the following article where I will be answering some of the unanswered questions; it traces straight back to the SPLA days during the liberation struggle.Back then, Dr. Garang, as chairman of SPLM/SPLA, relied on chiefs to enforce involuntary military service— conscription. Chiefs rounded up the sons of their clans—mostly ordinary farmers' children—for the bush war. Garang, subliminally, promised these chiefs that their own sons would receive protective ranks and privileges in the SPLA, and it worked perfectly. In Dinka areas , particularly , no son of a sultan or chief, who had ever returned from the war , of course after CPA, without a title or rank. Merit in those days often meant being the son of a sultan, a persuasive spearmaster, or tied to a well-known Anyanya veteran.

In the midst, the bones of countless sons of typical farmers—who truly carried the heaviest load and made the real sacrifices—still lie scattered across forgotten battlefields, never honored, never appreciated and never paid back. Today we see the same recycling of the old patterns. What would be somewhat democratic chiefdoms are growing horns of complete kingdoms. The sons of chiefs, armed with military ranks and experience gained under Garang's system, have returned home to consolidate and strengthen their chiefdoms into more authoritarian setups.In this cycle, a chief recommends his son or close relative for a political or military post in the capital. In exchange, he keeps and grows his village authority, turning it into a solid civil support base for that general or politician in Juba. Understanding this game, many sons and daughters of typical farmers now seek to marry into chiefly families or their close relatives just to gain some access, protection, and a foothold in the system.

This is the bitter ongoingness: a small number of connected elites recycle privilege while the whole population's sacrifices remain buried and forgotten. The situation still causes a lot of questions whose answers annoy the afformentioned elite, but it is what it's, the sons and daughters of typical farmers would continue to answer unapologetically , Because it's not Good and it's not completely compatible with democracy and rules of lawst which majority of South Sudanese subscribe to. Such a vicious cycle of tyranny should stop.

21/01/2026

There's no war between Dinka and Nuer, but between SPLM IG and SPLM IO forces.

05/01/2026

Africa!.
— Manyiel M. Dhor Alam

Africa, cradle where mankind began,
Now burdened by sorrow no child should span.
Her soil once sang with drums of pride,
Now tents of exile on her bosom reside.

The whole world gathers, seeking her breast,
Yet leaves her broken, weary, oppressed.
She feeds the nations with golden grain,
But her own children starve in pain.

Refugees of fate, they crowd the land,
With empty bowls and trembling hand.
Storms of war, of greed, of fire,
Choke the dreams that never tire.

Yet even in camps where hope seems thin,
African hearts still glow within.
Children play in the dust with song,
Proving the spirit is fierce and strong.

O world, do you see what she bears?
The cradle of life, the womb of cares.
Still she rises with broken wings,
A continent that forever sings.

Not cursed, but chosen, her people stand,
Building new homes from shattered sand.
For Africa is not the world’s despair,
She is the promise beyond repair.

One day her camps shall bloom like fields,
Her wounds shall close, her soil shall yield.
And history’s voice will gently say:
Africa’s exile found its way

05/01/2026

Mother As A Silent Hero
— Manyiel M.M Dhor. Alam.

She does not announce her sacrifices.
They arrive quietly, in her plate is smaller meals.
Her sleepless nights are folded beneath dawn,
Her dreams getting postponed due to unpaid bills.

My mother, a learned he**in
without school uniforms or applause.
It was hard life that taught her earlier.

right away from battlefield –her kitchen floor,
Armed with powerful weapons—patience and prayer,
and her awarded medals—children and husband.
And she stitched tomorrow
with yesterday’s tired hands,
turned worry into supper,
and silence into strength.

When the world bruised or hurt her children,
she became the doctor who bandaged
their wounds and bled privately.
No headlines carried her name.
No songs praised the way
she swallowed fear
so we could eat hope.
She smiled even when life
spoke to her in insults.

While men marched and shouted,
she held the roof steady.
And when all promises failed,
she remained constant like breath,
unnoticed until peace prevailed.

Mother,
you are the kind of hero,
Unforgettable teacher recorded
And heaven will careful keep her notes.
If her love had a face, it would look tired—
But she still rise every morning.

29/10/2025

This experience when something happened, but as it's happening—we wish it happens faster as to passes us from experiencing it. This is how an error to the wise man can do. It torments an intellectual to lives within unwanted error. Whether a systematic one or a personal error. Knowing the mistake, accidentally, that was unknown in the start is the harshest of all worse encounters.
— Israel

12/08/2025

You must set forth at dawn: inspired by Wole Soyinka

The season's signs are on the sky, the grass, the winds, the smiles of the people and the rate at which the village's nostalgia for this season is developing is stunningly awe-inspiring. Winter is fast approaching and Deng is caught between the thoughts of exploring means to enter college and getting money to buy Chrismas clothes. In Nyandiar, young men his age are either preparing for harvest or the next nearby cattle camp to raid. Deng is an exceptional character in his circle. Having graduated high school at a remarkably young age of eighteen---which is extraordinarily young in contrast to many other high school graduates in his village who are in their mid or early twenties, he has since then been growing increasing reclusive and strange to the circle of and meals-mate. His thoughts always revolve around how to go to college and what to do should he graduate someday.

This winter, however, is markedly different. He has been spending his days since graduating from high school in the village--- a new experience for him, and is now approaching a year. What makes this winter particularly different is the fact that buying Christmas clothes here is more important than the celebration itself, and Deng's mother, who had always been the one doing all the things for him, had fallen sick two months earlier, and was not able to make the local wine out of which their living was afforded. When he was in boarding school in Dar-el-Salaam, his mother always bought him clothes two or three months before the Christmas, and the importance of having Christmas clothes wasn't something disturbing to him.

Here in Nyandiar, villagers make money from their harvest by selling sorghum or working with the local traders in carrying dry fish to and from the traders' designated places. It is a routine that when Christmas arrives young men who do not have farms gather in large numbers and provide manpower for those who have large farms in return for a sack of sorghum or a few pounds. The money from that work affords them their Christmas clothes and life goes on. After winter, young men's focus turn to cattle raiding. They meet frequently and discuss which village is weak to resist them and decide on when to raid it. These are normal life affairs in this part of the world, but for Deng, Nyandiar was as strange as the unexplored planets of the milky-way galaxy. The conversations, the routines, the meals, and the environment all are divergent to Deng's view of what a habitable world is.

Deng lives with his uncle, Gatluak. Gatluak has two children, a young boy of twelve and a girl of nine. He has been buying them Christmas clothes since they came to know of the name Christmas and what it means. This season might be as usual. But Deng, now approaching nineteen, thinks it bizarre to have his uncle buy him clothes when he's already of age, having read in books that by the age eighteen one ought to be responsible for themselves.
The Christmas is to kick of in three days and Deng has not yet bought himself clothes. Over the last few days, he has been largely alone in the riverside, either reading a novel or staring at the flow of the Nile, thoughts running at the speed of light in his devastated brain, hope hanging suspended in the air. His thoughts about college have been the most persistent since he realized that he was not going to celebrate this Christmas with new clothes.
"You're almost nineteen, man", Deng told himself.
"You don't have to worry about small things like Christmas clothes".
"Get to college, whatever mean, and buy yourself as many Christmas clothes as you want in the near five or six years".

When Deng sneezes in the cool 25th December morning before the birth of the sun and the death of the stars he approaches the wooden door and quietly slides it to the left side and stands and stretches and looks at the east where the earth shows signs of giving birth to a saviour. The night has been usually long and tiresome. After stretching, he goes back in and packs his few belongings in his small school bag and and opens and clothes the door again without any notice from his young cousin, Gatluak's son. He looks at the east again and smiles at the newborn son staring with its fierce rays at him.

The journey to the town is a risky gamble, especially when one is walking alone on the road. Thieves and killers are known for hiding in the bushes and killing or grabbing people's belongings. Deng, in his mind, only has the thoughts of college and escaping the burden of spending the Christmas day in the house. When he reaches the bush he consoles himself by an old wisdom used as means of assurance one when one anticipates an imminent danger: "when God plans something for you, nobody denies it". He journeys the long distance with courage, head never turning back.

Towards the dusk, the flickering lights of Malakal welcomes him with open arms and he enters the town of his heart. When he arrives at Bol's house he is welcomed with jubilation. His friend Bol likes him so much. They both sit at the gate with their usual small conversation chairs and talk politics, girls, the village and what awaits them.
"You'll not make it to High Jalaba tonight", Bol says.
"So we'll sleep here".
"As usual, no problem", Deng replies.
When they both coincidentally wake up at five in the morning they meet at the washroom door and glance at each other with wide smiles the kind you only see when a girl crushes on a man of a higher social class.
"You have adopted the village style, you lazy boy", Bol teases Deng.
"Things have changed, are changing, and will continue to change, you ideologue", Deng says.
"You know the government scholarship to China is out and we have to try our luck", Bol says.
"Crazy that's coming from you whose brother, Chuol, with an exceptional A+, failed ro secure a simple, always ignored Morocco scholarship", Deng replies.
"Has our government's nepotism changed? How do you expect an average B+ to secure a scholarship to China?".
"God is the greatest. When it's your chance, nobody can deny it. Remember that old saying?", Bol asks.
"Let's see", Deng replies.
"We will drop our application on the web tomorrow and return to our normal lamentations".

The next day by noon they had already dropped their documents in the website. Come sun or rain, China scholarship is out of my league, Deng told himself. His sick mother had a few days, three or two ago, recovered from her sickness and is now back to her normal local wine business. Life is now back to its tract after Deng left the village to the bad boys.

After three months, Deng's phone rings and it's Bol, whom he has not spoken to for like three weeks.
"The results are out and you have been shortlisted", Bol says.
"Which results?", Deng asks.
"The results for the scholarship".
"Congratulations! You're now to pursue a bachelor of medicine in Bijieng Institute of Health Sciences", Bol assuredly tells Deng.

Out of words, Deng closes the phone and wonders alone in his room. Is the news true? Am I dreaming? He goes to his mother and ask money for internet bundles and when he opens his phone he finds his name in a bottom of a list posted by Hot in Juba, a local media house. Fortunately, tickets to and fro, which would have made it difficult for him to travel, have been provided by the scholarship. When he goes back to his mother and breaks the news, his mother couldn't believe it.
"When and how did you apply for that", asks his mother.
"I left the village at dawn and arrived here at and dusk and slept at Bol's house", he says.
"In the morning Bol persuaded me to apply for this scholarship and these are now the results".
"Congratulations to us, ma", Deng emotionally says.
"I'll finally pursue my dream career and make your efforts worth it".
"SON, YOU MUST ALWAYS SET FORTH AT DAWN", was his mother's hyper-emotional reply.

~Gatreak Chiang Reath.

30/06/2025

Yirolese writers' Association (YiWA)

29/05/2025

We're celebrating 💐 Gatreak Chiang Reath for saving our literature from AI copycats.👏

29/05/2025

Blackman % The legendary African writer, Ngungi wa Thiongo!! Rest in eternity sir. Africa standstill on your Name. 🙏🏿
— Thon Adut Thon

The Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar WildeSometimes, we read books for fun; sometimes, the fun turns into something speci...
29/05/2025

The Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde

Sometimes, we read books for fun; sometimes, the fun turns into something special: a lesson about life, a story, or a beautiful thought. One could hardly imagine with all the senses we are endowed with that a single book could almost capture the essence of life! That's what the Picture Of Dorian Gray does.

Oscar Wilde is famous in the world of literature for his plays and poems, but his artistic genius stretches far beyond genres, and this classic novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, affirms that. My first taste of Wilde was through his plays: Lady Windermere's Fan, A Woman Of No Importance, An Ideal Husband, The Importance Of Being Earnest, and Salóme. The artistry Wilde demonstrates in his plays is far less artistic than the one he demonstrates in The Picture of Dorian Gray.

In The Picture Of Dorian Gray, Wilde plays around the themes of morality, vanity, hedonism, societal influence and the meaning of life.

Through his highly developed characters, he paints a picture of his present day England, and by extension Europe, in a vivid and engaging plot tinged with a very highly technical language.

The main characters are Basil Halward, the artist; Lord Henry Wotton, the hedonistic and classy aristocrat; and Dorian Gray, in whose perfection Basil Hallward found a motivational ground for his Arts.

It's around the three main characters' complex relationships that the story revolves, and it's through them that the themes are explored.

Basil Hallward meets Dorian Gray and is fascinated by his appearance. Through Hallward, Dorian is introduced to Lord Henry Wotton, the wise, weird intellectual whose world views differ greatly from the artist's. Their eventual relationship was ushered by a simple statement in the garden: "that's one of the great secrets of life...to cure the soul by means of sense and the sense by means of soul. You're a wonderful creature. You know more than you think you know, just as you know less than you want to know", Lord Henry Wotton said to the young man, Dorian Gray, who was burying his face in a cold lilac blossom.

Dorian is instantly fascinated by Lord Henry's intellectuals depth and wisdom. He becomes more tied to him than he is to Basil, the painter who made them know each other. He then develops a great fondness and cravings for more conversations from Lord Henry.

Basil Hallward finishes painting Dorian's Picture, and Dorian, awed by the artist's art and his own beauty, couldn't help but ask questions that would alter his fate throughout the novel. He wonders at how cruel nature must be! That he will age and the portrait will remain the same! How cruel it's that his beautiful youth days will remain only in canvases!

But Dorian had some bad news in store for him. His wish was that the picture should age instead of him. Wilde's foreshadowing of Dorian's fate comes in when Dorian meets Silby Vane, a beautiful young actress, whom Dorian falls in love with. Dorian, after being influenced by Lord Henry, now values beauty more than anything, even intellect.

One eventful night Dorian asked his two friends to go with him to the theatre and watch his talented actress-girlfriend play Shakespeare. When Silbyl Vane realized that Dorian was in the room, he couldn't help but think about him, and, preoccupied with the thought, couldn't perform well her part. When Lord Henry Wotton left, saying that he was not impressed, Dorian was ashamed. He then went to Sibyl Vane and broke their relationship, cutting short their marriage after engagement.

Sibyl was found dead that night. She had committed su***de. One could realize in this scenario that it was Lord Henry's influence on Dorian, that anything he did not approve of was thought travail by the young man, the led ro Dorian abandoning Sibyl Vane.

Dorian's complex lifestyle started soon after that night. Although he struggled to forget her, her image haunted him in his dreams and thoughts.

When he came home to relax and found out that the portrait has changed a little, he was awestruck and amazed, little did he know that it was the beginning of a tiresome and mentally draining life.

Mysteriously, the burdens of Dorian's sins were henceforth borne by the portrait. He hid it in a secret room upstairs his house. No one was allowed to see it, except of course himself.

When Basil came to his house after a long time without meeting him, and wondering why his friend has become so changed, Dorian decided to show the artist his work, a work that has ruined his life.

Upstairs, an uncontrollable force came over him and he killed Basil. Uncontrollable?

Basil was to move to France that night but he cut his journey short. He sent for his chemist friend Allan Champell. When Alan arrived, he persuaded him to destroy Basil's body and Alan, out fear, destroyed the body.

It was not until many months later that the town began to spread the rumors of artist's disappearance. Dorian confessed to Lord Henry that he killed Basil but Henry couldn't believe, arguing that a person of his beauty and class could not do such cruel things.

Then came the influence of books. Dorian indulged in reading whatever there was about the world, with hope to cure his dying soul.

The subsequent events are in such a thread that to follow them would be like writing another book. But the story was curtailed by Dorian's eventual death, when, tired of his sin and his unchanging youth, he decided to destroy his portrait. He pierced it with a knife, but instead of the portrait being torn, Dorian fell flat and died. The portrait then consumed its beauty and youthfulness back, and Dorian lied down a ragged old man.

You should read it, boy!

~Gatreak Chiang Reath, your anti Ai intellectuals.

18/05/2025

My heart is hurting,
it's only breaking
but also bleeding,
blooming in a strange,
aching light.

It stretches like dawn through a window,
uninvited but welcome,
spilling warmth and weight
in equal measure.

It hums like an old song I never learned,
but somehow, remember.
Each beat, a whisper.
Each whisper, a question of experience
that none of them is waiting
for answer.

This isn't a sorrow, it isn't joy.
It's something unnamed—
a trembling in the hollow
that proves I'm still hurt, deeply.
still feeling it pain here.

— Manyiel Majangdit Sr.

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University Of Juba
Juba

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