20/04/2025
BIKOL DISCOURSE MARKERS
ngani – expresses fate (“This is helpless”) or a plea for others not to insist
bagá – expresses doubt or hesitation
bayâ – giving a chance to someone; polite insisting
daa – (Tagalog: daw) quoting information from a secondary source
daw – (Tagalog: ba/kaya) interrogative particle
garo – (Tagalog: mukhang, parang) likeness or similitude. English: “It looks like, it’s as if.”
gáyo – “exactly”
daing gáyo – “not exactly, not really”
gayód / nanggayod – (Tagalog: bakâ) “maybe, could be”
giráray / liwát – (Tagalog: [m]uli) “again”
kutá-na / kutâ – “I hope (something did / did not happen” ; “If only …” (conditionality of past events)
lang / lámang / saná – (Tagalog: lang) “only, just”
lugód – hoping that something will happen, or expressing surrender
man – (Tagalog: din, rin) “also” or “ever” (such as ano man ‘whatever’ and siisay man ‘whoever’)
mú-na / ngó-na – (Tagalog: muna) “first” or “yet”
na – (Tagalog: na) “now” or “already”
naman – (Tagalog: naman) “again”
nanggad / mananggad – (Tagalog: talaga, nga) “really, truly, absolutely” (adds a sense of certainty)
nyako – “I said”
ngantig – reports something one has said to a third person
ngapit – “then,” “in case,” “during/while” (span of time)
ngaya – politeness in requesting information (“so,” “let’s see”)
pa – (Tagalog: pa) “still”
palán – (Tagalog: pala) expresses surprise or sudden realization
po – (Tagalog: po) politeness marker; “tabí” in some Bikol dialects
túlos / túlos-túlos – (Tagalog: agad-agad) “immediately, right away”
extracted from: https://hamudyong.wordpress.com/2017/10/07/mga-tataramon-na-bikol-some-bicol-words/
