24/11/2022
The social and cultural phenomenon known as the Renaissance may have originated in Italy, but by the middle of the fifteenth century it had spread northward along the trade route that linked the Italian mercantile centers with those of the Low Countries. If the new invention of the printing press helped spread its humanist credo, direct contact between the artists of north and south ensured that its aesthetic and revolutionary artistic techniques would find new places in which to flourish. The Italian and Flemish artists of this period have had several MWW galleries devoted to them. We now dedicate this "Northern Lights" series to their German counterparts.
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) was the giant among Northern Renaissance artists -- Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael all rolled into one. He was the greatest printmaker of his time, setting the standard for the next two centuries in that art. He revolutionized the woodcut by endowing it with the linear subtleties of engraving. He was the first European to work successfully with watercolors, using the medium to become the first artist outside of the Far East to paint landscapes. A true "Renaissance Man," with many intellectual interests, he wrote several theoretical treatises dealing with perspective, human proportions and mathematics. Like Leonardo, he also was fond of making sketches for new "inventions," including a device for correctly rendering perspective that led to the "camera oscura" and formulated the basic principles that would ultimately lead to the invention of photography.
If Antonello da Messina introduced the Italians to the virtues of Northern art, Dürer was the apostle for the Italian Renaissance north of the Alps. Born into a large artisan family recently relocated from Hungary, Dürer left his native Nuremberg after completing his apprenticeship in printmaking, wandering for several years through Germany, the Netherlands and, finally, Italy, where in Venice he encountered the art of Bellini and Mantegna. At that time in Germany the wild fantasy of Matthias Grünewald was still in vogue. Upon his return to Nuremberg, Dürer revolted against this, infusing his paintings and prints with the more objective, disciplined approach of the Italians. The new style won approval quickly: by his late twenties he was famous and regarded as Germany's leading artist, a position he would never relinquish.
Along with all works in oil attributed to Dürer, we have included in this gallery the 67 extant works he did in watercolor, a medium he was among the very first to master. For the more complex of the oil paintings, we've provided "close-up" images showing detail. Nearly all the entries in this gallery include commentary (in English) from authoritative sources, which you can read if you click on "See More" under the picture's identifying information (artist, title, medium, dimensions, location) to the right of the full-screen image. Biographical information about the artist accompanies his self-portraits.
An exhaustive selection of Dürer's prints and drawings will be presented in a companion gallery to this one.