Zarma songhai empire

05/02/2023

Zarma Ay name

03/02/2022

06/09/2021

What’s the nature
of their language
and culture?..continued
The Zarma believe that a living person consists of
the body (ga), the invisible double (biya), which
gives each person his or her singularity and the life
force (fundi). These elements are believed to
breakup at death.
The Zarma make fine basketry in particular the
colorful, hand-dyed mats, covers, and hangers of
storage containers, which are made by women from
Doum-palm leaves. They are well kwon for their
pottery and their woven blankets.
The staple crop of the Zarma is millet which is
intercropped with cowpeas, sorrel, and Bambara
and other groundnuts. Sorghum and manioc are
also cultivated in areas with heavier soils.
Agriculture relies on household labor and use of
simple hand tools and very limited use of animal
traction. The Zarma raise small ruminants and
poultry that provide meat for religious ceremonies,
baptisms and other special occasions.
The Zarma are generally characterized by a sense of
tradition, close family ties, tolerance and
consideration for others. The Zarma practice
polygamy, hence their families are generally large.
Many of them live in the rural areas engaging in
subsistence farming. They grow rice, corn, millet
and sorghum for food and cotton, to***co, cowpeas
and peanuts as cash crops. Milk is an important part
of the Zarma people’s diet and culture, therefore
cattle are regarded as a source of wealth.

02/09/2021

The Songhai Empire

The Songhai Empire (also transliterated as Songhay) was a state that dominated the western Sahel/Sudan in the 15th and 16th century. At its peak, it was one of the largest states in African history. The state is known by its historiographical name, derived from its leading ethnic group and ruling elite, the Songhai. Sonni Ali established Gao as the capital of the empire, although a Songhai state had existed in and around Gao since the 11th century. Other important cities in the empire were Timbuktu and Djenné, conquered in 1468 and 1475 respectively, where urban-centered trade flourished and to the south is the north Akan state of Bonoman. Initially, the empire was ruled by the Sonni dynasty (c. 1464–1493), but it was later replaced by the Askia dynasty (1493–1901).

During the second half of the 13th century, Gao and the surrounding region had grown into an important trading center and attracted the interest of the expanding Mali Empire. Mali conquered Gao towards the end of the 13th century. Gao would remain under Malian hegemony until the late 14th century. As the Mali Empire started to disintegrate, the Songhai reasserted control of Gao. Songhai rulers subsequently took advantage of the weakened Mali Empire to expand Songhai rule.

Under the rule of Sonni Ali, the Songhai surpassed the Malian Empire in area, wealth, and power, absorbing vast areas of the Mali Empire and reached its greatest extent. His son and successor, Sonni Bāru (1492–1493), was a less successful ruler of the empire, and as such was overthrown by Muhammad Ture (1493–1528; called Askia), one of his father's generals, who instituted political and economic reforms throughout the empire.

A series of plots and coups by Askia's successors forced the empire into a period of decline and instability. Askia's relatives attempted to govern the empire, but political chaos and several civil wars within the empire ensured the empire's continued decline, particularly during the brutal rule of Askia Ishaq I (1539–1549). The empire experienced a period of stability and a string of military successes during the reign of Askia Daoud (1549–1582/1583). Ahmad al-Mansur, the Moroccan sultan at the time, demanded tax revenues from the empire's salt mines.

Askia Daoud responded by sending a large quantity of gold as a gift in an attempt to appease the sultan. Askia Ishaq II (1588–1591) ascended to power in a long dynastic struggle following the death of Askia Daoud. He would be the last ruler of the imperial Songhai empire. In 1590, al-Mansur took advantage of the recent civil strife in the empire and sent an army under the command of Judar Pasha to conquer the Songhai and to gain control of the Trans-Saharan trade routes. After the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Tondibi (1591), the Songhai Empire collapsed.

21/06/2021

The estimates for the total population of Zarma people as of 2013 has been generally placed over 3 million, but it varies. They constitute several smaller ethnic sub-groups, who were either indigenous to the era prior to the Songhai Empire and have assimilated into the Zarma people, or else are people of Zarma origins who have differentiated themselves some time in the precolonial period (through dialect, political structure, or religion), but these are difficult to differentiate according to Fuglestad. Groups usually referred to as part of the Zarma or Songhay, but who have traceable historical distinctions include the Gabda, Tinga, Sorko, Kalles, Golles, Loqas and Kourteys peoples.

06/06/2021

(E) Is not just only about the culture, custom, and tradition. We are all bless with baeauty(F) Il ne s'agit pas seulement de la culture, de la coutume et de la tradition. Nous sommes tous bénis par la beauté sponsor

12/05/2021

Wa Kay yeesi
Bonne fête

08/04/2021

Sponsor by ;; (E) The Songhai people (also Songhai or Sonrai) are an ethnic group in West Africa who speak the various Songhai languages. Their history and lingua franca is linked to the Songhai Empire which dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century. Predominantly a Muslim community, the Songhai are found primarily throughout Niger and Mali in the Western sudanic region (not the country). The name Songhai was historically neither an ethnic nor linguistic designation, but a name for the ruling caste of the Songhai Empire. Some Speakers in Niger and Mali have adopted it as an ethnic designation but other Songhay-speaking groups identify themselves by other ethnic terms such as Zarma (or Djerma, the largest subgroup of the Songhai) or Isawaghen. The dialect of Koyraboro Senni spoken in Gao is unintelligible to speakers of the Zarma dialect of Niger, according to at least one report. The Songhay languages are commonly taken to be Nilo-Saharan but this classification remains controversial: Dimmendaal (2008) believes that for now it is best considered an independent language family.

(F) Le peuple Songhaï (également Songhaï ou Sonrai) est un groupe ethnique d'Afrique de l'Ouest qui parle les différentes langues Songhaï. Leur histoire et leur lingua franca sont liées à l'empire Songhaï qui a dominé le Sahel occidental aux XVe et XVIe siècles. À prédominance musulmane, les Songhaï se trouvent principalement dans tout le Niger et au Mali dans la région soudanique occidentale (et non dans le pays). Le nom Songhaï n'était historiquement ni une désignation ethnique ni linguistique, mais un nom pour la caste dirigeante de l'empire Songhaï. Certains orateurs au Niger et au Mali l'ont adopté comme désignation ethnique, mais d'autres groupes de langue songhay s'identifient par d'autres termes ethniques tels que Zarma (ou Djerma, le plus grand sous-groupe des Songhaï) ou Isawaghen. Le dialecte de Koyraboro Senni parlé à Gao est inintelligible pour les loc

07/04/2021

Le peuple zarma(F)
The zarma people (E)

The Zarma people are an ethnic group predominantly found in westernmost Niger. They are also found in significant numbers in the adjacent areas of mali, Nigeria and Benin, along with smaller numbers in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, and Cameroon.etc(E)

Le peuple Zarma est un groupe ethnique qui se trouve principalement dans l'extrême ouest du Niger. On les trouve également en nombre important dans les zones adjacentes du. Mali, Nigéria et du Bénin, ainsi que de plus petits nombres au Burkina Faso, en Côte d'Ivoire, au Ghana, au Togo et au Cameroun.(F)