19/01/2025
ANALYSIS: AUXILIARY CAVALRY BARRACKS
The professional army established by Emperor Augustus marked a transformative era in Roman military history. For the first time, large numbers of soldiers became full-time career professionals, paid directly by the state and equipped on an unprecedented scale. This new structure formalized the Roman Legions as professional units and made the Auxiliaries a permanent and essential element of the military. Both groups were stationed in purpose-built bases, a significant departure from the temporary camps of earlier periods. During the **Principate**—spanning roughly from the 1st to late 3rd centuries AD—the Roman army was predominantly stationed along the empire's frontiers, reflecting its strategic emphasis on border defense.
A vital component of this frontier-focused military was its cavalry, organized into **Cohortes Equitatae** (mixed infantry-cavalry units) and entirely mounted **Alae**. Unlike the standardized barracks housing infantrymen in Roman forts, the cavalry faced unique logistical challenges, as their bases needed to accommodate both soldiers and their horses. Typically, this involved separate barracks for the troopers and stables for their mounts. However, archaeological evidence suggests a more integrated solution in many Auxiliary forts, where cavalrymen shared living spaces with their horses.
Excavations at the Roman fort at **Wallsend** (Segedunum) along Hadrian's Wall in Britain revealed nine double rooms with a practical design for shared use. These rooms included elongated, stone-lined urine pits for the horses and hearths against the interior walls for the soldiers' needs. Similar setups have been uncovered at forts such as **Dormagen** in Germany. This arrangement offered significant advantages: cavalrymen could tend to their mounts more effectively and be ready for rapid mobilization, whether for campaigns or emergency defense against enemy incursions. These findings highlight the practical ingenuity of Roman military infrastructure and the adaptability of its professional soldiers.
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