Giosuรจ Tacconi artist

Giosuรจ Tacconi artist โž๐‘ป๐’‰๐’† ๐’‘๐’๐’‚๐’„๐’† ๐’Š๐’ ๐’˜๐’‰๐’Š๐’„๐’‰ ๐’š๐’๐’– ๐’˜๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’ƒ๐’๐’“๐’, ๐’Š๐’•โœ๐’” ๐’˜๐’‰๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’š๐’๐’–โœ๐’“๐’† ๐’๐’†๐’†๐’…๐’†๐’… ๐’Ž๐’๐’”๐’•โž
(๐‘ ๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘).

A bit Lukasbund, a bit Mannerist, a bit Sienese "purista", essentially an โ˜˜๏ธUmbrian neo-Renaissanceist.

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™ ๐‘”๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’ ๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘๐‘–๐‘™๐‘’ ๐‘ฎ๐’“๐’†๐’ˆ๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’ ๐‘ด๐’‚๐’›๐’›๐’‚๐’๐’„๐’๐’๐’๐’Š๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘”๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘– ๐‘’ ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–...
01/09/2026

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™ ๐‘”๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’ ๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘๐‘–๐‘™๐‘’ ๐‘ฎ๐’“๐’†๐’ˆ๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’ ๐‘ด๐’‚๐’›๐’›๐’‚๐’๐’„๐’๐’๐’๐’Š
๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘”๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘– ๐‘’ ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’ ๐‘ฆ๐‘œ๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘๐‘™๐‘’๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘› ๐‘ฎ๐’“๐’†๐’ˆ๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’ ๐‘ด๐’‚๐’›๐’›๐’‚๐’๐’„๐’๐’๐’๐’Š
๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘โ„Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’: ๐‘‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘กโ„Ž ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘  ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘˜ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘˜
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’–๐’”๐’†๐’‘๐’‘๐’† ๐‘ณ๐’Š๐’„๐’„๐’–๐’”๐’Š๐’๐’Š๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘”๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘– ๐‘’ ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž...
31/08/2026

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’–๐’”๐’†๐’‘๐’‘๐’† ๐‘ณ๐’Š๐’„๐’„๐’–๐’”๐’Š๐’๐’Š
๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘”๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘– ๐‘’ ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’–๐’”๐’†๐’‘๐’‘๐’† ๐‘ณ๐’Š๐’„๐’„๐’–๐’”๐’Š๐’๐’Š
๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘โ„Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’: ๐‘‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘กโ„Ž ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘  ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘˜ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘˜
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’๐’—๐’‚๐’ ๐‘ญ๐’“๐’‚๐’๐’„๐’†๐’”๐’„๐’ ๐‘ป๐’๐’Ž๐’‚๐’”๐’”๐’๐’๐’Š๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘”๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘– ๐‘’ ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–...
31/08/2026

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’๐’—๐’‚๐’ ๐‘ญ๐’“๐’‚๐’๐’„๐’†๐’”๐’„๐’ ๐‘ป๐’๐’Ž๐’‚๐’”๐’”๐’๐’๐’Š
๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘”๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘– ๐‘’ ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง ๐ถโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘› ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’๐’—๐’‚๐’ ๐‘ญ๐’“๐’‚๐’๐’„๐’†๐’”๐’„๐’ ๐‘ป๐’๐’Ž๐’‚๐’”๐’”๐’๐’๐’Š
๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘โ„Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’: ๐‘‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘กโ„Ž ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘  ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘˜ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘˜
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น โž๐‘ช๐’๐’๐’๐’†๐’๐’–๐’๐’‚ ๐’†๐’“๐’‚ ๐’–๐’๐’‚ ๐’‡๐’๐’“๐’•๐’† ๐’“๐’๐’„๐’„๐’‚ ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ป๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Š, ๐’„๐’Š๐’“๐’„๐’‚ ๐’…๐’–๐’† ๐’Ž๐’Š๐’ˆ๐’๐’Š๐’‚ ๐’๐’๐’๐’•๐’‚๐’๐’ ๐’…๐’‚๐’๐’๐’‚ ๐’„๐’Š๐’•๐’•๐’‚ฬ€, ๐’—๐’†๐’“๐’”๐’ ๐’Š๐’ ๐’„๐’๐’๐’‡๐’Š๐’๐’† ๐’…๐’†๐’Š ๐’„๐’‚๐’”๐’•๐’†๐’๐’๐’Š ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ช๐’†๐’”๐’Š...
27/08/2026

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น โž๐‘ช๐’๐’๐’๐’†๐’๐’–๐’๐’‚ ๐’†๐’“๐’‚ ๐’–๐’๐’‚ ๐’‡๐’๐’“๐’•๐’† ๐’“๐’๐’„๐’„๐’‚ ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ป๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Š, ๐’„๐’Š๐’“๐’„๐’‚ ๐’…๐’–๐’† ๐’Ž๐’Š๐’ˆ๐’๐’Š๐’‚ ๐’๐’๐’๐’•๐’‚๐’๐’ ๐’…๐’‚๐’๐’๐’‚ ๐’„๐’Š๐’•๐’•๐’‚ฬ€, ๐’—๐’†๐’“๐’”๐’ ๐’Š๐’ ๐’„๐’๐’๐’‡๐’Š๐’๐’† ๐’…๐’†๐’Š ๐’„๐’‚๐’”๐’•๐’†๐’๐’๐’Š ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ช๐’†๐’”๐’Š, ๐‘บ๐’‚๐’ ๐‘ฎ๐’†๐’Ž๐’Š๐’๐’† ๐’†๐’… ๐’Š๐’ ๐’ƒ๐’๐’“๐’ˆ๐’ ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘จ๐’„๐’’๐’–๐’‚๐’”๐’‘๐’‚๐’“๐’•๐’‚โž (๐น๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘œ ๐ด๐‘›๐‘”๐‘’๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘–, ๐ป๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž ๐‘Ž๐‘™ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘ง๐‘ง๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘œ, 1646).

๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘’.
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ ๐‘’ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘› ๐ถ๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘œ ยฉ

๐‹๐š ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ง๐ ๐š ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž๐ซ๐ซ๐š ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐š ๐“๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐ข ๐ž ๐’๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ญ๐จ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ’-๐Ÿ๐Ÿ“๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ
Nel 1494, l'indomita cittร  valligiana di Terni levรฒ le armi per estendere i confini del proprio contado, abbattendosi con furia devastatrice sul vicino e libero castello di Cesi. Davanti a tale travolgente prova di forza, i maggiorenti cesani fuggirono a Spoleto, offrendo la sottomissione amministrativa e diocesana del proprio abitato in cambio di una solida alleanza contro l'avanzata ternana. Il Comune spoletino, d'intesa con l'ambizioso pontefice Alessandro VI Borgia, ponderรฒ con pazienza un piano per presidiare Cesi e sbarrare la strada alle mire rivali, preparando nell'ombra la grande controffensiva.

Per tre anni i valligiani ternani mantennero un assoluto predominio, fatto di frequenti attacchi e saccheggi. L'ultimo di questi, nel 1497, sconfinรฒ nel territorio spoletino, mettendo a sacco Montefranco e Strettura, duramente depredate e messe in ginocchio.

โ€๐ด๐‘‘๐‘–ฬ€ 7 ๐‘™๐‘ข๐‘”๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ 1497 ๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘›๐‘’ ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘ƒ๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘๐‘’๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐ด๐‘š๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘–
๐‘ ๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘†๐‘Ž๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› 20 โ„Ž๐‘ข๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘‘โ€™๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘–, ๐‘’ ๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘“๐‘– ๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘Ž๐‘™ 27 ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘–, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘™๐‘Ž ๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘†๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘’ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘œ ๐‘Ž ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘“๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘œ, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘’๐‘š๐‘š๐‘œ ๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘›๐‘–, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘“๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘‘โ€™๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘–, ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ๐‘™๐‘– ๐‘†๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ; ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘๐‘’๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘–, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘“๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘๐‘’ ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘–, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘–,
๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘œ, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘– ๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘™๐‘’ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘ข๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘’, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘๐‘’๐‘๐‘ข๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘†๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘Ž๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™ ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’ ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘Ž ๐‘ˆ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž โ€œ

(๐ผ๐‘๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘š).

In quello stesso anno si scatenรฒ la tempesta, quando Spoleto, anche con lโ€™indispensabile aiuto del papa, assoldรฒ il leggendario condottiero Bartolomeo d'Alviano. Muovendo da ovest attraverso San Gemini, questi guidรฒ un'inarrestabile armata di diecimila uomini direttamente sul cuore del territorio ternano. I ternani, essendo storicamente fedeli al partito ghibellino e quindi alla famiglia Colonna, avevano dal canto loro ingaggiato dei condottieri della potente famiglia baronale filo-imperiale dei Savelli, che aveva possedimenti adiacenti al contado ternano.

L'Alviano cinse d'assedio la Rocca di Colleluna, bastione difensivo molto avanzato del contado di Terni. La torre cilindrica principale era ben difesa: un profondo fossato ne circondava la base, e lungo il suo perimetro erano disposti pali acuminati e "triboli" a scoraggiare l'avvicinamento. Nonostante ciรฒ, e non senza fatica, l'Alviano riuscรฌ a distruggere completamente la parte superiore della torre. Per quattro giorni si scatenรฒ poi il saccheggio selvaggio delle campagne circostanti. La ferocia dei mercenari fu tale da colpire, nel caos dei saccheggi, la stessa Cesi, spingendo il Papa a imporre una tregua immediata per salvare la propria reputazione di fronte a quel sangue versato. I ternani si impegnarono formalmente a rimanere in pace con Spoleto e a non reagire alle offese subite, ma l'orgoglio cittadino impedรฌ loro di mantenere fede a una promessa estorta con le armi.

Nonostante i continui sussulti e le successive resistenze, Terni fu infine costretta a piegarsi alla definitiva pace imposta da Lucrezia Borgia nel 1499. Quella durissima guerra non fu tuttavia una resa, bensรฌ il battesimo del fuoco: segnรฒ l'alba della potenza militare di Terni, inaugurando il XVI secolo come l'etร  d'oro dei soldati ternani.

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง โž๐‘ช๐’๐’๐’๐’†๐’๐’–๐’๐’‚ ๐’˜๐’‚๐’” ๐’‚ ๐’”๐’•๐’“๐’๐’๐’ˆ ๐’‡๐’๐’“๐’•๐’“๐’†๐’”๐’” ๐’๐’‡ ๐‘ป๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Š, ๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’๐’–๐’• ๐’•๐’˜๐’ ๐’Ž๐’Š๐’๐’†๐’” ๐’‚๐’˜๐’‚๐’š ๐’‡๐’“๐’๐’Ž ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’„๐’Š๐’•๐’š, ๐’•๐’๐’˜๐’‚๐’“๐’…๐’” ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’ƒ๐’๐’“๐’…๐’†๐’“ ๐’๐’‡ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’„๐’‚๐’”๐’•๐’๐’†๐’” ๐’๐’‡ ๐‘ช๐’†๐’”๐’Š, ๐‘บ๐’‚๐’ ๐‘ฎ๐’†๐’Ž๐’Š๐’๐’† ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’—๐’Š๐’๐’๐’‚๐’ˆ๐’† ๐’๐’‡ ๐‘จ๐’„๐’’๐’–๐’‚๐’”๐’‘๐’‚๐’“๐’•๐’‚โž (๐น๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘œ ๐ด๐‘›๐‘”๐‘’๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘–, ๐ป๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž ๐‘Ž๐‘™ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘ง๐‘ง๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘œ, 1646).

๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘โ„Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘™.
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘› ๐ถ๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘œ ยฉ

๐“๐ก๐ž ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐–๐š๐ซ ๐๐ž๐ญ๐ฐ๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐“๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐ข ๐š๐ง๐ ๐’๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ญ๐จ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ’โ€“๐Ÿ๐Ÿ“๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ
In 1494, the indomitable valley city of Terni took up arms to extend the borders of its territory, descending with devastating fury upon the neighbouring, independent stronghold of Cesi. Faced with such an overwhelming show of force, the leading men of Cesi fled to Spoleto, offering the administrative and diocesan submission of their town in exchange for a solid alliance against the Ternan advance. The Commune of Spoleto, in agreement with the ambitious pontiff Alexander VI Borgia, patiently weighed a plan to garrison Cesi and block the path of its rival's ambitions, quietly preparing for a great counteroffensive.

For three years, the men of the Terni valley held absolute dominance, marked by frequent raids and plundering. The last of these, in 1497, crossed into Spoletan territory, sacking Montefranco and Strettura, which were harshly plundered and brought to their knees.

โ€๐ด๐‘‘๐‘–ฬ€ 7 ๐‘™๐‘ข๐‘”๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ 1497 ๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘›๐‘’ ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘ƒ๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘๐‘’๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐ด๐‘š๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘–
๐‘ ๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘†๐‘Ž๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› 20 โ„Ž๐‘ข๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘‘โ€™๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘–, ๐‘’ ๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘“๐‘– ๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘Ž๐‘™ 27 ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘–, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘™๐‘Ž ๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘†๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘’ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘œ ๐‘Ž ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘“๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘œ, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘’๐‘š๐‘š๐‘œ ๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘›๐‘–, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘“๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘‘โ€™๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘–, ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ๐‘™๐‘– ๐‘†๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ; ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘๐‘’๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘–, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘“๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘๐‘’ ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘–, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘–,
๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘– ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘œ, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘– ๐‘›๐‘œ ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘™๐‘’ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘ข๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘’, ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘๐‘’๐‘๐‘ข๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘†๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘Ž๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™ ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’ ๐‘’๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘Ž ๐‘ˆ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž โ€œ

(๐ผ๐‘๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘š).

That same year, the storm broke: Spoleto, with the pope's indispensable support, hired the legendary condottiero Bartolomeo d'Alviano. Advancing from the west through San Gemini, he led an unstoppable army of ten thousand men straight into the heart of Ternan territory. The Ternans, historically loyal to the Ghibelline faction and thus to the Colonna family, had for their part enlisted condottieri from the powerful, pro-imperial baronial family of the Savelli, who held estates bordering the territories of Terni.

Alviano laid siege to the Rocca di Colleluna, a forward defensive bastion of Terni's territory. The main cylindrical tower was well defended: a deep moat encircled its base, and along its perimeter sharpened stakes and caltrops had been scattered to discourage any approach. Despite this, and not without difficulty, Alviano succeeded in completely destroying the upper section of the tower. For four days, the surrounding countryside was then subjected to savage plundering. Such was the ferocity of the mercenaries that, amid the chaos of the raids, Cesi itself was struck, prompting the Pope to impose an immediate truce to safeguard his own reputation in the face of the bloodshed. The Ternans formally pledged to remain at peace with Spoleto and not to retaliate for the wrongs suffered, but civic pride would not allow them to honour a promise extracted at swordpoint.

Despite continued unrest and further acts of resistance, Terni was ultimately forced to submit to the definitive peace imposed by Lucrezia Borgia in 1499. Yet that brutal war was no surrender: it was a baptism of fire. It marked the dawn of Terni's military power, ushering in the sixteenth century as the golden age of Ternan soldiers.

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น "๐‘ซ'๐’๐’“๐’ ๐’„๐’๐’ ๐’–๐’ ๐’ƒ๐’–๐’† ๐’‘๐’‚๐’”๐’”๐’‚๐’๐’•๐’† ๐’‘๐’‚๐’“๐’•๐’Š๐’•๐’ ๐’Š๐’ ๐’‘๐’‚๐’๐’ ๐’…๐’Š ๐’“๐’๐’”๐’”๐’ ๐’† ๐’…'๐’‚๐’“๐’ˆ๐’†๐’๐’•๐’, ๐’”๐’๐’“๐’Ž๐’๐’๐’•๐’‚๐’•๐’ ๐’…๐’Š ๐’–๐’ ๐’‡๐’Š๐’๐’“๐’…๐’‚๐’๐’Š๐’”๐’ ๐’…'๐’‚๐’›๐’›๐’–๐’“๐’“๐’" (๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ...
27/08/2026

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น "๐‘ซ'๐’๐’“๐’ ๐’„๐’๐’ ๐’–๐’ ๐’ƒ๐’–๐’† ๐’‘๐’‚๐’”๐’”๐’‚๐’๐’•๐’† ๐’‘๐’‚๐’“๐’•๐’Š๐’•๐’ ๐’Š๐’ ๐’‘๐’‚๐’๐’ ๐’…๐’Š ๐’“๐’๐’”๐’”๐’ ๐’† ๐’…'๐’‚๐’“๐’ˆ๐’†๐’๐’•๐’, ๐’”๐’๐’“๐’Ž๐’๐’๐’•๐’‚๐’•๐’ ๐’…๐’Š ๐’–๐’ ๐’‡๐’Š๐’๐’“๐’…๐’‚๐’๐’Š๐’”๐’ ๐’…'๐’‚๐’›๐’›๐’–๐’“๐’“๐’" (๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘Ž ๐‘“๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘™๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘– ๐‘‡๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘–).

๐น๐‘œ๐‘ก๐‘œ (๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘–): ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘š๐‘š๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘– ๐‘‡๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘–, ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘Ž ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘Žฬ€ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™ 1500 (๐‘ƒ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ง๐‘ง๐‘œ ๐‘‰๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘…๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘๐‘๐‘œ, ๐‘‡๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ฃ๐‘–).

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง "๐‘ถ๐’“, ๐’‚๐’ ๐’๐’™ ๐’‘๐’‚๐’”๐’”๐’‚๐’๐’• ๐’‘๐’†๐’“ ๐’‘๐’‚๐’๐’† ๐’ˆ๐’–๐’๐’†๐’” ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐’‚๐’“๐’ˆ๐’†๐’๐’•, ๐’”๐’–๐’“๐’Ž๐’๐’–๐’๐’•๐’†๐’… ๐’ƒ๐’š ๐’‚ ๐’‡๐’๐’†๐’–๐’“-๐’…๐’†-๐’๐’Š๐’” ๐’‚๐’›๐’–๐’“๐’†" (๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ง๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘–๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’ ๐ป๐‘œ๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘’ ๐‘‡๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘–).

๐‘ƒโ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘ก๐‘œ (๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘–): ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘Ž๐‘ก ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘  ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’ ๐‘‡๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘–, ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘‘ โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘“ ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’ 16๐‘กโ„Ž ๐‘๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ (๐‘ƒ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ง๐‘ง๐‘œ ๐‘‰๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐‘…๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘๐‘๐‘œ, ๐‘‡๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ฃ๐‘–).

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น  ๐Ÿ•ฏ๏ธ๐Ÿ“– ๐‘ท๐’Š๐’‚๐’๐’•๐’‚ ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ป๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Š ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’‚๐’„๐’๐’Ž๐’ ๐‘ณ๐’‚๐’–๐’“๐’ (๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž ๐‘Ž ๐‘…๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ ๐ฟ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘™ 1637).๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘’.๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ...
26/08/2026

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น ๐Ÿ•ฏ๏ธ๐Ÿ“– ๐‘ท๐’Š๐’‚๐’๐’•๐’‚ ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ป๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Š ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’‚๐’„๐’๐’Ž๐’ ๐‘ณ๐’‚๐’–๐’“๐’ (๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž ๐‘Ž ๐‘…๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ ๐ฟ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘™ 1637).
๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘๐‘›๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘’.
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

Le notizie biografiche relative a Giacomo Lauro (o Lauri) risultano tuttora piuttosto scarse. Va precisato, in via preliminare, che il suo cognome nulla ha a che vedere con quello dell'omonima famiglia ternana. รˆ noto che fu incisore a bulino, di origine fiamminga, attivo a Roma tra la fine del XVI e l'inizio del XVII secolo.
Nel corso della sua immensa produzione, Lauro compose opere dedicate ai monumenti e ai luoghi piรน significativi della cittร  di Roma, cui si affiancano diverse "Historiae" dedicate ad alcune delle principali cittร  italiane, ciascuna corredata da una pianta topografica incisa dallo stesso autore e dalla relativa narrazione storica. Tra queste figurano, a titolo esemplificativo, quelle di: ๐…๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ณ๐ž, ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ง๐š, ๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐œ๐ข๐š, ๐’๐ข๐ž๐ง๐š, ๐“๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐ข, ๐…๐š๐ง๐จ, ๐Œ๐š๐œ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐š, ๐๐จ๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐š, ๐“๐จ๐๐ข, ๐๐š๐๐จ๐ฏ๐š ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐จ๐ง๐š.
Particolarmente rara risulta la Historia dedicata a Terni, corredata dalla relativa pianta della cittร : l'opera non รจ infatti censita nรฉ nei cataloghi delle biblioteche statali italiane, nรฉ in quelli delle principali biblioteche europee, quali il British Museum di Londra o la Bibliothรจque nationale de Paris. Un unico esemplare, seppur privo del frontespizio, รจ tuttavia conservato presso la biblioteca dell'University of Illinois, negli Stati Uniti.

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง ๐Ÿ•ฏ๏ธ๐Ÿ“– ๐‘ด๐’‚๐’‘ ๐’๐’‡ ๐‘ป๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Š ๐’ƒ๐’š ๐‘ฎ๐’Š๐’‚๐’„๐’๐’Ž๐’ ๐‘ณ๐’‚๐’–๐’“๐’ (๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘‘ ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘…๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘’ ๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐ฟ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘”๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘–๐‘› 1637)
๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘โ„Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’: ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘”๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘™.
๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

Biographical information regarding Giacomo Lauro (or Lauri) remains rather scarce to this day. It should be noted, as a preliminary point, that his surname bears no relation to that of the homonymous family from Terni. He is known to have been a copper-engraver of Flemish origin, active in Rome between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.
Over the course of his career, Lauro produced numerous works dedicated to the most significant monuments and sites of the city of Rome, alongside several "Historiae" devoted to some of the main Italian cities, each accompanied by a topographical map engraved by the author himself and by the corresponding historical account. Among these, by way of example, are the works dedicated to ๐…๐ฅ๐จ๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž, ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ง๐š, ๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐œ๐ข๐š, ๐’๐ข๐ž๐ง๐š, ๐“๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐ข, ๐…๐š๐ง๐จ, ๐Œ๐š๐œ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐š, ๐๐จ๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐š, ๐“๐จ๐๐ข, ๐๐š๐๐ฎ๐š, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‚๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐จ๐ง๐š.
Particularly rare is the Historia dedicated to Terni, together with its accompanying city map: this work is in fact absent from the catalogues of Italian state libraries as well as those of the major European libraries, such as the British Museum in London or the Bibliothรจque nationale in Paris. A single copy, albeit lacking its title page, is nevertheless preserved in the library of the University of Illinois, in the United States.

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น โž๐‘ฐ๐’ˆ๐’๐’๐’“๐’‚๐’“๐’† ๐’๐’† ๐’‘๐’‚๐’•๐’“๐’Š๐’† ๐’Š๐’”๐’•๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’† ๐’†ฬ€ ๐’๐’ ๐’”๐’•๐’†๐’”๐’”๐’ ๐’„๐’‰๐’† ๐’“๐’Š๐’Ž๐’‚๐’๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’”๐’†๐’Ž๐’‘๐’“๐’† ๐’ƒ๐’‚๐’Ž๐’ƒ๐’Š๐’๐’Š. ๐‘ฐ๐’ ๐’๐’–๐’๐’ˆ๐’ ๐’…๐’๐’—๐’† ๐’๐’‚๐’”๐’„๐’†๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’โŸ ๐’…๐’๐’—๐’† ๐’‡๐’–๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’ ๐’‚๐’๐’๐’†๐’—๐’‚๐’•๐’Š ๐’† ๐’…...
21/04/2026

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น โž๐‘ฐ๐’ˆ๐’๐’๐’“๐’‚๐’“๐’† ๐’๐’† ๐’‘๐’‚๐’•๐’“๐’Š๐’† ๐’Š๐’”๐’•๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’† ๐’†ฬ€ ๐’๐’ ๐’”๐’•๐’†๐’”๐’”๐’ ๐’„๐’‰๐’† ๐’“๐’Š๐’Ž๐’‚๐’๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’”๐’†๐’Ž๐’‘๐’“๐’† ๐’ƒ๐’‚๐’Ž๐’ƒ๐’Š๐’๐’Š. ๐‘ฐ๐’ ๐’๐’–๐’๐’ˆ๐’ ๐’…๐’๐’—๐’† ๐’๐’‚๐’”๐’„๐’†๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’โŸ ๐’…๐’๐’—๐’† ๐’‡๐’–๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’ ๐’‚๐’๐’๐’†๐’—๐’‚๐’•๐’Š ๐’† ๐’…๐’๐’—๐’† ๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’ƒ๐’Š๐’‚๐’Ž๐’ ๐’•๐’–๐’•๐’•๐’† ๐’๐’† ๐’“๐’Š๐’„๐’๐’“๐’…๐’‚๐’๐’›๐’†โŸ ๐’‘๐’“๐’Š๐’Ž๐’‚ ๐’•๐’‚๐’๐’•๐’ ๐’”๐’๐’‚๐’—๐’ŠโŸ ๐’‰๐’‚ ๐’…๐’Š๐’“๐’Š๐’•๐’•๐’ ๐’‚๐’ ๐’๐’๐’”๐’•๐’“๐’ ๐’‚๐’Ž๐’๐’“๐’†โž (estratto da ๐ฟ๐‘Ž ๐‘‡๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž - ๐ธ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘’๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘’ ๐‘†๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐น๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘–, 1886).

๐น๐‘œ๐‘ก๐‘œ: ๐‘†๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ง๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘Ž ๐‘‰๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘–๐‘›๐‘’ (๐‘‘๐‘– ๐ฟ๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘ง๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘ƒ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–, 1520, ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘€๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘œ ๐‘‘'๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘’ ๐ถ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘š๐‘๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’๐‘Ž "๐ด๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘’ ๐น๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘’").โ€‹

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง โž๐‘ฐ๐’ˆ๐’๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’๐’–๐’“ ๐’‰๐’๐’Ž๐’†๐’๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐’”๐’•๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’†๐’” ๐’Š๐’” ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’”๐’‚๐’Ž๐’† ๐’‚๐’” ๐’‚๐’๐’˜๐’‚๐’š๐’” ๐’“๐’†๐’Ž๐’‚๐’Š๐’๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’‚ ๐’„๐’‰๐’Š๐’๐’…. ๐‘ป๐’‰๐’† ๐’‘๐’๐’‚๐’„๐’† ๐’˜๐’‰๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’˜๐’† ๐’˜๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’ƒ๐’๐’“๐’โŸ ๐’˜๐’‰๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’˜๐’† ๐’˜๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’“๐’‚๐’Š๐’”๐’†๐’… ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐’˜๐’‰๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’˜๐’† ๐’‰๐’‚๐’—๐’† ๐’‚๐’๐’ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’Ž๐’†๐’Ž๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’†๐’”โŸ ๐’๐’๐’„๐’† ๐’”๐’ ๐’”๐’˜๐’†๐’†๐’•โŸ ๐’‰๐’‚๐’” ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’“๐’Š๐’ˆ๐’‰๐’• ๐’•๐’ ๐’๐’–๐’“ ๐’๐’๐’—๐’†โž (extract from ๐ฟ๐‘Ž ๐‘‡๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž - ๐ธ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘’๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘’ ๐‘†๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐น๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘–, 1886).

๐‘ƒโ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘ก๐‘œ: ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘’ ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’ ๐‘‰๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘–๐‘› (๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐ฟ๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘ง๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘ƒ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–, 1520, ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘– "๐ด๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘’ ๐น๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘’" ๐‘€๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘ข๐‘š ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘› ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐ถ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘š๐‘๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ ๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก).

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น โž๐‘ฐ๐’ˆ๐’๐’๐’“๐’‚๐’“๐’† ๐’๐’† ๐’‘๐’‚๐’•๐’“๐’Š๐’† ๐’Š๐’”๐’•๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’† ๐’†ฬ€ ๐’๐’ ๐’”๐’•๐’†๐’”๐’”๐’ ๐’„๐’‰๐’† ๐’“๐’Š๐’Ž๐’‚๐’๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’”๐’†๐’Ž๐’‘๐’“๐’† ๐’ƒ๐’‚๐’Ž๐’ƒ๐’Š๐’๐’Š. ๐‘ฐ๐’ ๐’๐’–๐’๐’ˆ๐’ ๐’…๐’๐’—๐’† ๐’๐’‚๐’”๐’„๐’†๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’โŸ ๐’…๐’๐’—๐’† ๐’‡๐’–๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’ ๐’‚๐’๐’๐’†๐’—๐’‚๐’•๐’Š ๐’† ๐’…๐’๐’—๐’† ๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’ƒ๐’Š๐’‚๐’Ž๐’ ๐’•๐’–๐’•๐’•๐’† ๐’๐’† ๐’“๐’Š๐’„๐’๐’“๐’…๐’‚๐’๐’›๐’†โŸ ๐’‘๐’“๐’Š๐’Ž๐’‚ ๐’•๐’‚๐’๐’•๐’ ๐’”๐’๐’‚๐’—๐’ŠโŸ ๐’‰๐’‚ ๐’…๐’Š๐’“๐’Š๐’•๐’•๐’ ๐’‚๐’ ๐’๐’๐’”๐’•๐’“๐’ ๐’‚๐’Ž๐’๐’“๐’†โž (estratto da ๐ฟ๐‘Ž ๐‘‡๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž - ๐ธ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘’๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘’ ๐‘†๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐น๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘–, 1886).

๐น๐‘œ๐‘ก๐‘œ: ๐‘†๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ง๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘Ž ๐‘‰๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘–๐‘›๐‘’ (๐‘‘๐‘– ๐ฟ๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘ง๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘ƒ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–, 1520, ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘– ๐‘€๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘œ ๐‘‘'๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘Ž ๐‘’ ๐ถ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘š๐‘๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’๐‘Ž "๐ด๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘’ ๐น๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘’").โ€‹

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง โž๐‘ฐ๐’ˆ๐’๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’๐’–๐’“ ๐’‰๐’๐’Ž๐’†๐’๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐’”๐’•๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’†๐’” ๐’Š๐’” ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’”๐’‚๐’Ž๐’† ๐’‚๐’” ๐’‚๐’๐’˜๐’‚๐’š๐’” ๐’“๐’†๐’Ž๐’‚๐’Š๐’๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’‚ ๐’„๐’‰๐’Š๐’๐’…. ๐‘ป๐’‰๐’† ๐’‘๐’๐’‚๐’„๐’† ๐’˜๐’‰๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’˜๐’† ๐’˜๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’ƒ๐’๐’“๐’โŸ ๐’˜๐’‰๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’˜๐’† ๐’˜๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’“๐’‚๐’Š๐’”๐’†๐’… ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐’˜๐’‰๐’†๐’“๐’† ๐’˜๐’† ๐’‰๐’‚๐’—๐’† ๐’‚๐’๐’ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’Ž๐’†๐’Ž๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’†๐’”โŸ ๐’๐’๐’„๐’† ๐’”๐’ ๐’”๐’˜๐’†๐’†๐’•โŸ ๐’‰๐’‚๐’” ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’“๐’Š๐’ˆ๐’‰๐’• ๐’•๐’ ๐’๐’–๐’“ ๐’๐’๐’—๐’†โž (extract from ๐ฟ๐‘Ž ๐‘‡๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž - ๐ธ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘– ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘’๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘’ ๐‘†๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐น๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘–, 1886).

๐‘ƒโ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘ก๐‘œ: ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘’ ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’ ๐‘‰๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘–๐‘› (๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐ฟ๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘ง๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘ƒ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–, 1520, ๐‘‡๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘›๐‘– "๐ด๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘‘๐‘’ ๐น๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–๐‘๐‘’" ๐‘€๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘ข๐‘š ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘› ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐ถ๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘š๐‘๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ ๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก).

09/04/2026

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น๐ŸŽฌ ๐‘น๐’๐’„๐’„๐’‚ ๐‘บ๐’‚๐’๐’•โœ๐‘จ๐’๐’ˆ๐’†๐’๐’ ๐’…๐’Š ๐‘ป๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Š
Anteprima a cartone animato. Niente IA. ๐Ÿฐ๐ŸŸข๐Ÿ”ด๐Ÿฆ–

A. D. 1497, Rocca Santโ€™Angelo, fortificazione a est del contado della cittร  di Terni. Nella rocca alloggiava stabilmente un castellano eletto ogni sei mesi, che aveva a disposizione due soldati e riceveva normalmente uno stipendio di 4 fiorini. La visuale che si gode dalla vetta (611 m s.l.m) รจ completamente libera su 360 gradi: perfetto รจ il controllo della strada che risale il corso del fiume Nera.
Inoltre, in condizioni di buona visibilitร , dalla rocca รจ possibile apprezzare ogni punto della valle e tutta la catena dei monti che la chiudono a nord fino ad altre due rocche della cittร  di Terni, vale a dire: Rocca di Casale Rinaccio e Rocca della Penna, e in fondo il castello papale di Cesi (12 km circa in linea dโ€™aria); a est la Rocca di Colleluna. Per questa sua posizione privilegiata Rocca Santโ€™Angelo รจ stata sfruttata ininterrottamente sia in etร  medievale che rinascimentale.

"๐ฟ๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž ๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘ข๐‘› ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™'๐‘–๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ ๐‘™๐‘Ž ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘Ž ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’ ๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘™๐‘ข๐‘–" (๐ธ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘  ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘–).

๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘‘๐‘– ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ
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๐‘น๐’๐’„๐’„๐’‚ ๐‘บ๐’‚๐’๐’•โœ๐‘จ๐’๐’ˆ๐’†๐’๐’ ๐’Š๐’ ๐‘ป๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Š
๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง๐ŸŽฌ Cartoon preview, no AI. ๐Ÿฐ๐ŸŸข๐Ÿ”ด๐Ÿฆ–

A.D. 1497, Rocca Santโ€™Angelo, a fortification east of the county of the city of Terni.
The fortress permanently housed a castellan, elected every six months, who had two soldiers at his disposal and normally received a salary of four florins. The view from the summit (611 m above sea level) is completely unobstructed and 360 degrees, offering perfect control of the road that runs up the Nera River.
Furthermore, in good visibility, from the fortress it is possible to appreciate every corner of the valley and the entire mountain range that encloses it to the north, all the way to two other fortresses of the city of Terni: Rocca di Casale Rinaccio and Rocca della Penna, and at the end, the papal castle of Cesi (about 12 km as the crow flies); to the east, the Rocca di Colleluna. Due to its privileged position, Rocca Santโ€™Angelo was continuously exploited throughout both the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

"๐ถ๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘’ ๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘Ž ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘“๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘œ๐‘“ ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’ ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘™ ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘ก ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘  ๐‘–๐‘› โ„Ž๐‘–๐‘š" (๐ธ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘  ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘–).

๐ด๐‘Ÿ๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘ฆ ๐บ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘’ฬ€ ๐‘‡๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘– ยฉ

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