06/01/2026
Three Kings 👑👑👑
Today, Italians (and many others around the world) are celebrating the Feast of the Three Kings. This celebration happens on Epiphany (January 6), which falls twelve days after Christmas, the traditional length of time it took for the magi to travel to Bethlehem.
Over the centuries, Italian artists have tried their hand at representing the momentous visit to Bethlehem. The subject evolved to include three men (the gospels don’t specify the number of magi) bearing gold, frankincense, and myrrh.
According to tradition, they are Balthazar, from Yemen or Ethiopia, who brings myrrh; Melchior, a middle-aged king from Persia who brings frankincense; and Caspar, an older man possibly from India, bearing gold.
These details gave painters fodder to spark their artistic imagination and experimentation.
-Three Kings mosaic from Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna ca. 520s (detail)
-Giotto di Bondone, Adoration of the Magi, ca. 1320, tempera on wood, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (detail)
-Sandro Botticelli, Adoration of the Magi, ca. 1475, tempera on wood, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence (detail)
-Andrea Mantegna, Adoration of the Magi, distemper on linen, ca. 1495-1506, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles (detail)
-Artemisia Gentileschi, Adoration of the Magi, ca. 1636-37, oil on canvas, Cathedral of San Procolo, Pozzuoli
👉 ️More Italian art history in my weekly newsletter!
👉 ️Sign up at lauramorelli.com/subscribe.