Logic And Critical Thinking

Logic And Critical Thinking በቅርቡ

14/06/2022

“እርሱ ከጨለማ ሥልጣን አዳነን፥ ቤዛነቱንም እርሱንም የኃጢአትን ስርየት ወዳገኘንበት ወደ ፍቅሩ ልጅ መንግሥት አፈለሰን።”
— ቆላስይስ 1፥13-14

13/06/2022

1ኛ ጢሞቴዎስ 1
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>>>እግዚአብሔር ይቅር የማይለወ ሀጢአት የለም።
>>>ለዚህም ደግሞ ሐዋርያው ጳውሎስ ምስክር ነው።

¹⁵ ‘ክርስቶስ ኢየሱስ ኀጢአተኞችን ለማዳን ወደ ዓለም መጣ’ የሚለው ቃል እውነተኛና ሰው ሁሉ ሊቀበለው የሚገባ ነው፤ ከኀጢአተኞችም ዋና እኔ ነኝ።
¹⁶ ነገር ግን ክርስቶስ ኢየሱስ በእርሱ ለሚያምኑና የዘላለምን ሕይወት ለሚቀበሉ ወሰን የሌለው ትዕግሥቱን ከኀጢአተኞች ዋና በሆንሁት በእኔ እንደ ምሳሌ አድርጎ ያሳይ ዘንድ ምሕረትን አገኘሁ።

የመዳን ቀን ዛሬ ነው!

11/06/2022

ሁሉም ሀጢያትን ሰርተዋል
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“ምክንያቱም ሁሉም ኀጢአትን ሠርተዋል፤ የእግዚአብሔርም ክብር ጐድሎአቸዋል፤”
— ሮሜ 3፥23

>>>ሁሉም ሰው ሀጢያትን ሰርቷል።
>>> ከአዳም የወረስነው ሀጢያት ሳይሆን ሁላችንም ሀጢያትን አድርገናል።
>>>አዳም ባለመታዘዝ ሀጢያትን ወደ አለም አግብቷል
>>>ሁላችንም ከአዳም ስራ ጋር ተባብረናል።

የመዳን ቀን ዛሬ ነው!

10/06/2022

ዕብራውያን 2
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¹ ስለዚህ ከሰማነው ነገር ስተን እንዳንወድቅ፣ ለሰማነው ነገር አብልጠን ልንጠነቀቅ ይገባናል።
² ምክንያቱም በመላእክት በኩል የተነገረው ቃል ጽኑ ከሆነና ማንኛውም መተላለፍና አለመታዘዝ ተገቢውን ቅጣት ከተቀበለ፣
³ እኛስ እንዲህ ያለውን ታላቅ ድነት ቸል ብንል እንዴት ልናመልጥ እንችላለን?

>>>ሙሴ የተቀበለው ህግ ካልተፈፀመ ቅጣትን ያስከትል ነበር።መጽሀፈ ኢያሱ 7:25 ለእግዚአብሔር ስላልታዘዘ በድንጋይ ተወግሮ ተገድሏል።ዮሐንስ ወንጌል 8:7 ላይ አንዲት ስታመነዝር የተገኘችን ሴት በድንጋይ ሊወግሯት በኢየሱስ ዘንድ አቅርቧት ነበር።

>>>ነገር ግን እግዚአብሔር ስለ መሰከረለት(ዕብራውያን 2:4)ከሰማይ የሆነውን ይህን ድህነት ባንቀበለው፣ቸል ብንለው፣ላለ መስማት ፍቃደኛ ባንሆን

እንዴት እናመልጣለን???

ከሰማይ የሆነው፤ የተመሠከረለት ድህነት ኢየሱስ ብቻ ነው!

የመዳን ቀን ዛሬ ነው!

09/06/2022

>>ዛሬም ድረስ ያላረጀው የማይለወጠው እግዚአብሔር አለምን መውደዱ ነው!

““በእርሱ የሚያምን ሁሉ የዘላለም ሕይወት እንዲኖረው እንጂ እንዳይጠፋ እግዚአብሔር አንድያ ልጁን እስከ መስጠት ድረስ ዓለምን እንዲሁ ወዶአልና፤”
— ዮሐንስ 3፥16

>>ዘላለማዊ ሀሳቡም እኛን ሰዎችን ከዲያብሎስ እስራት በማስመለጥ ወደ ልጁ መንግስት ማስገባት ነው።
>>ወደ ልጁ ወደ ኢየሱስ መንግስት ለመግባትም በልጁ በኢየሱስ እርሱ ክርስቶስ እንደሆነ ማመን ብቻ በቂ ነው።

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“እርሱ፣ “በትክክለኛው ሰዓት ሰማሁህ፤ በመዳንም ቀን ረዳሁህ” ይላልና። እነሆ፤ ትክክለኛው ሰዓት አሁን ነው፤ የመዳንም ቀን አሁን ነው።”
— 2ኛ ቆሮንቶስ 6፥2
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08/05/2021

mapping easy and efficient.
Numbers are the simplest data types. Numbers comprise of integers, floats,
decimals, and complexes in Python. The type of numbers and their explanations
have been summarized in Table 2.1. The operators supported by numbers have
been presented in Table 2.2.
Table 2.1 Numbers
Numbers Explanation
Integers Which do not have any fractional part
Floating point numbers That do have a fractional part
Complex numbers The numbers having a real and an imaginary part
Decimal Those having fixed precision
Rational Those having a numerator and a denominator
Sets Abstraction of a mathematical set
Table 2.2 Operators supported in numbers
+ Addition
– Subtraction
* Multiplication
** Power
% Modulo
In addition to the above, Python is practically free from the problems of C and
C++ and can calculate very, very large integers. Let us now have a look at how
to use these operators. For example if one needs to calculate the square root of a
number, then importing math and using math.sqrt() is a solution. Some of the
most important functions have been explained in the following sneak peek.
Sneak Peek
1. Ceil: The ceiling of a given number is the nearest integer greater than or
equal to that number. For example, the ceiling of 2.678 is 3.
>>> import math

08/05/2021

These types have been discussed in the sections that follow.
Sets: This is an un-ordered collection of elements.
Keywords: These are words having special meanings and are understood by the
interpreter. For example, and, del, from, not, while, as, elif, global,
else, if, pass, Yield, break, except, import, class, raise,
continue, finally, return, def, for, and try are some of the keywords
which have been extensively used in the book. For a complete list of keywords,
the reader may refer to the Appendix.
Operators: These are special symbols which help the user to carry out
operations like addition, subtraction, etc. Python provides following type of
operators:
Arithmetic operators: +, –, *, /, %, ** and //.
Assignment operators: =, + =, – =, *=, /=, %=, **= and //=
Logical operators: or, and, and not
Relational operators: =, != or < > and ==.
This chapter deals with the basic data types in Python and their uses. The chapter
has been organized as follows: Section 2 of this chapter deals with the
introduction to programming in Python and basic data types, and Section 3 deals
with strings. Section 4 deals with lists and tuples. The last section of this chapter
concludes the chapter. The readers are advised to go through the references at the
end of this book for comprehensive coverage of the topic.
BASIC DATA TYPES REVISITED
The importance of data types has already been discussed. There is another
reason to understand and to be able to deal with built-in data types, which is that
they generally are an intrinsic part of the bigger types which can be developed
by the user.
The data types provided by Python are not only powerful but also can be nested
within others. In the following discussion the concept of nested lists has been
presented, which is basically a list within a list. The power of data types can be
gauged by the fact that Python provides the user with dictionaries, which makes

08/05/2021

Step 4. Go to debug and run the program. The following output will be
displayed.
>>>
============ RUN C:/Python/Chapter 2/calc.py ============
5
6
8
0.6666666666666666
2
1.5
>>>
Conversely, the script can be executed by writing Python calc.py on the
command prompt. In order to exit IDLE go to FILE->EXIT or write the exit()
function at the command prompt.
In order to store values, we need variables. Python empowers the user to
manipulate variables. These variables help us to use the values later. As a matter
of fact, everything in Python is an object. This chapter focuses on objects. Each
object has identity, a type, and a value (given by the user / or a default value).
The identity, in Python, refers to the address and does not change. The type can
be any of the following.
None: This represents the absence of a value.
Numbers: Python has three types of numbers:
Integer: It does not have any fractional part
Floating Point: It can store number with a fractional part
Complex: It can store real and imaginary parts
Sequences: These are ordered collections of elements. There are three types of
sequences in Python:
String
Tuples
Lists

08/05/2021

>>> 2*3
6
>>> 2/3
0.6666666666666666
>>> 2**3
8
>>> 2%3
2
>>> 3%2
1
>>>
In the above case, the Python interpreter is used to execute the commands. This
is referred to as a script mode. This mode works with small codes. Though
simple commands can be executed on the command line, the complex programs
can be written in a file. A file can be created as follows:
Step 1. Go to FILE NEW
Step 2. Save the file as calc.py
Step 3. Write the following code in the file
print(2+3)
print(2*3)
print(2**3)
print(2/3)
print(2%3)
print(3/2)

Python 3.5.0rc2 Shell Fe ta Shel Debug Oyie Windew Hep hon 3.s.Orel (va.s.oreieeitaeateo, Aug 25 201s, 0444) C .1900 32 ...
08/05/2021

Python 3.5.0rc2 Shell Fe ta Shel Debug Oyie Windew Hep hon 3.s.Orel (va.s.oreieeitaeateo, Aug 25 201s, 0444) C .1900 32 s (Intel)) en wansa Type "oopyrsghs. eredste er seenee fer more informatson. 0.444464 >>> 2 >>>

08/05/2021

PYTHON OBJECTS
After reading this chapter, the reader will be able to
• Understand the meaning and importance of variables, operators, keywords, and objects
• Use numbers and fractions in a program
• Appreciate the importance of strings
• Understand slicing and indexing in strings
• Use of lists and tuples
• Understand the importance of tuples
INTRODUCTION
To be able to write a program in Python the programmer can use Anaconda, the
installation of which was described in the previous chapter—or you can use
IDLE, which can be downloaded from the reference given at the end of the
Chapter 1. IDLE has an editor specially designed for writing a Python program.
As stated earlier Python is an interpreted language, so one need not to compile
every piece of code. The programmer can just write the command and see the
output at the command prompt. For example, when writing 2+3 on the command
line we get
>>2+3
5
As a matter of fact you can add, subtract, multiply, divide and perform
exponentiation in the command line. Multiplication can be done using the *
operator, the division can be performed using the / operator, the exponentiation
can be done using the ** operator and the modulo can be found using the %
operator. The modulo operator finds the remained if the first number is greater
than the other, otherwise it returns the first number as the output. The results of
the operations have been demonstrated as follows:

08/05/2021

THEORY
1. Write the names of three projects which are using Python.
2. Explain a few applications of Python.
3. What type of language is Python? (Procedural, object-oriented or functional)
4. What is PEP?
5. What is PSF?
6. Who manages Python?
7. Is Python open source or proprietary?
8. What languages can be supported by Python?
9. Explain the chronology of the development of Python.
10. Name a few editors for Python.
11. What are the features of Python?
12. What is the advantage of using Python over other languages?
13. What is Dynamic Typing?
14. Does Python have data types?
15. How is Python different from Java?

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