30/05/2026
Just as scales give you the notes, chords give you the harmony—multiple notes played at once. Most Western chords are built by stacking thirds (every other note) from a scale.
Here are the main types of chords in music, from basic to advanced:
1. Triads (3-note chords)
The foundation of almost all harmony. Built from a root, third, and fifth.
· Major: Root, major 3rd, perfect 5th (C - E - G). Sound = bright, happy.
· Minor: Root, minor 3rd, perfect 5th (C - Eb - G). Sound = dark, sad.
· Diminished: Root, minor 3rd, diminished 5th (C - Eb - Gb). Sound = tense, scary, unstable.
· Augmented: Root, major 3rd, augmented 5th (C - E - G #). Sound = dreamy, floating, unsettled.
2. Seventh Chords (4-note chords)
Adds a 7th above the root, creating more color and tension.
· Major 7 (Cmaj7): Major triad + major 7th (C - E - G - B). Sound = jazzy, nostalgic.
· Dominant 7 (C7): Major triad + minor 7th (C - E - G - Bb). Sound = bluesy, wants to "resolve" (very common in rock/blues/jazz).
· Minor 7 (Cm7): Minor triad + minor 7th (C - Eb - G - Bb). Sound = cool, soulful, mellow.
· Half-Diminished (Cm7♭5): Diminished triad + minor 7th. Sound = dark, mysterious.
· Fully Diminished (C°7): Diminished triad + diminished 7th. Sound = very tense, dramatic.
3. Extended Chords (5+ notes)
Add 9ths, 11ths, and 13ths (the same as 2nd, 4th, 6th, but an octave higher). Used heavily in jazz and R&B.
· Examples: Cmaj9, C13, Cm11.
· Sound: Rich, complex, lush. Rarely play every note—guitarists and pianists omit less important notes.
4. Suspended Chords (Sus)
Replace the 3rd with a 2nd or 4th. Neither major nor minor.
· Sus2 (Csus2): C - D - G. Sound = open, spacious.
· Sus4 (Csus4): C - F - G. Sound = bright, hanging, wants to pull back to major.
5. Slash Chords (Bass note not the root)
Written like C/E (C major with E in the bass). Creates smooth bass lines or unexpected harmonic shifts.
How to Remember Them:
· Major = Happy (like the "Star Wars" theme)
· Minor = Sad (like "Someone Like You")
· Diminished = Scary (like in horror films)
· Augmented = Floating (like the intro to "Oh! Darling" by The Beatles)
· Dominant 7 = Bluesy, wants to move (countless rock 'n' roll songs)
Practical Tip: On piano or guitar, learn your major and minor triads first (12 of each). Then add the dominant 7th shape—it unlocks thousands of blues, rock, and pop songs.