19/05/2026
“Affective polarisation” does not simply mean disagreement. It describes growing emotional hostility between groups — when people increasingly distrust, dislike, or morally reject those with different political or social views (Reiljan, 2023).
Research suggests that Nordic countries historically experienced lower levels of affective polarisation, although it has been increasing in recent years, particularly in Sweden and Norway.
What is interesting is how Scandinavian societies often respond to this.
Instead of focusing only on “winning” arguments, Nordic democratic culture has long emphasised:
💬 dialogue
🤝 consensus-building
🏛 civic participation
👂 listening across differences
Research from European deliberation projects, including work in Finland, suggests that deliberative practices can reduce polarisation by creating spaces where people reflect, listen, and encounter complexity rather than stereotypes.
This feels surprisingly close to the logic of cultural mediation.
Cultural mediation also:
✨ slows down immediate reactions
✨ creates shared spaces for encounter
✨ encourages reflection instead of instant judgment
✨ allows multiple interpretations and perspectives to coexist
In many Scandinavian museums and cultural institutions, this is increasingly visible through:
🎨 participatory museum education
🎭 dialogue-based art mediation
👥 community co-creation
🕰 “slow looking” methods
🌍 intercultural facilitation
The goal is not to provide one “correct” interpretation, but to create experiences where people can encounter difference without fear — and perhaps reduce the emotional distance between one another.
Maybe museums today are not only places for preserving culture, but also spaces for practising democratic coexistence.
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Funded by the European Union, project No. 2024-1-LT01-KA210-ADU-000253146.