10/26/2025
The Great Typhoon of 1944, also known as Typhoon Cobra, struck Admiral Halsey’s Third Fleet east of Luzon in the Philippine Sea on 17–18 December 1944. The fleet was attempting to refuel after weeks of operations, but the storm intensified far beyond forecasts. Winds of around 140 knots (160 mph) and towering seas capsized three destroyers — USS Hull, USS Monaghan, and USS Spence — and scattered the rest of the fleet. Crews battled violent rolls, flooding, and fires as aircraft were blown overboard and radar masts torn away. Over 790 sailors were lost, and more than 100 aircraft destroyed.
The event exposed the limits of wartime meteorology and command decisions under uncertain data. Halsey’s decision to remain near the refueling area placed the fleet directly in the typhoon’s path. A later inquiry found him at fault for judgment but not culpable given the limited information. The disaster became a catalyst for major improvements in Navy weather forecasting, storm tracking, and fleet training in heavy weather operations — ensuring that no fleet would again face the sea so blind to its power.