27/01/2026
The New Silver Age
The idea of the artist as the creator of a new world, a prophet of a different mode of being, became the guiding star of the Silver Age. Nikolai Berdyaev, in The Meaning of the Creative Act, gave this intuition a powerful philosophical expression, proclaiming an era of theurgic creativity, where art overcomes itself, becoming "the divine-human creativity of man in union with God," which transfigures the cosmos. "The task of theurgy," he wrote, "is to lead creativity out of subjective isolation into objective world-actuality, to accomplish the transfiguration of the world." However, this brilliant call, born in the atmosphere of decadent salons and philosophical circles, remained largely a prophetic manifesto, lacking a specific contemplative methodology. Berdyaev pointed to the goal — "…a new earth and a new heaven, a transition of the creative act to a different being is needed. This is the path of theurgic creativity" — but did not provide a systematic method for ascending to it, leaving the artist alone with an existential impulse, albeit theoretically grounded, but at risk of degenerating into aesthetic arbitrariness or false messianic pathos.
It is precisely here that the legacy of St. Maximus the Confessor becomes indispensable, for his theological anthropology offers not merely a theory, but a coherent ontological map and a contemplative practice, on the basis of which the ideas of the theurgic transfiguration of a fallen and fragmented world become possible. Maximus describes man, revealing the metaphysical mechanism of his cosmic mission. Man is a σύνδεσμος τις φυσικός ("a natural bond" or "a natural connecting link"), created last and possessing intellect (nous) in order to become a mediator of opposites: "For this reason, man is introduced last among beings—a kind of natural bond, so to speak, mediating between the extremes of the whole through his own inherent parts and gathering into himself into one what is by nature far separated from each other; so that, beginning from his own division as from a principle of unity that gathers all things to God—their Cause—and proceeding in order and rank through the middle terms in harmony and order, he might attain the limit of that sublime ascending path, which comes about through the union of all things in God, in Whom there is no division" (Ambigua to John 41). His nature is a microcosm, created to unite the five fundamental diastemata (διαστήματα — divisions) of being: between Creator and creation, the intelligible and the sensible, heaven and earth, paradise and the inhabited world, male and female. The task of man is, by raising the world from the sensible "being" to the noetic "well-being" of the mental cosmos, to accomplish ἀνακεφαλαίωσις (anakephalaiosis) — recapitulation, that is, the reunification of these ruptures through himself in the One divine "ever-being."
In his speculations, St. Maximus, following the Apostle Paul, writes of Christ as the center of unification: "making known to us the mystery of his will, according to his purpose, which he set forth in Christ as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth" (Eph. 1:9–10). These words are a concentrated affirmation that the entire historical and cosmic order is gathered and brought to its fullness in Christ as the Logos. Accordingly, the Maximian task of anakephalaiosis acquires a Christological focus: not simply "to gather into one," but to gather "in Christ"—and this is the biblical mystery which St. Maximus unfolds as the ontological perspective of man the mediator, performing the role of a priest according to the logos of Melchizedek. Man, as the "image of God" (Gen. 1:26–27), is called to be a mediator in this process, caring for creation (Gen. 2:15 — "to till it and keep it"). For "the creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the sons of God… that the creation itself will be set free from its bo***ge to decay and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God" (Rom. 8:19–21).
How does this occur? Here Maximus introduces key dynamic concepts—overcoming the horizontal world of the "sea of changeability" (from the Neoplatonic system reinterpreted by the Christian Fathers): ἐπιστροφή (epistrophe) — a turn or return, and ἀνάβασις (anabasis) — ascent. This path is not the spontaneous creative impulse of Berdyaev, but a structured movement "in order and rank through the middle terms," that is, through the intermediary reality between the earthly and the heavenly, through the stages of one's own nature: from the sensible-phenomenal through the intermediate noetic world of symbols, energies, and logoi to the noumenon. It is important to emphasize the very logic of these movements, as it is what translates theological anthropology into the practice of art.
The Maximian scheme reads as a cycle: first, πρόοδος (proodos) — the descent of grace or inspiration; then ἐπιστροφή (epistrophe) — the inner work of the spirit, the response and turn toward the Source (here it is natural to draw a parallel with the Gospel dynamic of repentance and return; the parable of the Prodigal Son is the most vivid image of epistrophe: "he arose and came to his father" (Luke 15:20) — a brief line which for Maximus serves as a living example: return is an act of will, heart, and body simultaneously, and it is this that unfolds the theoretical scheme into concrete spiritual practice). Next comes ἀνάβασις (anabasis) — ascent, when the apprehended logos is gathered into the One μονή (mone) in transfigured form. The thing or image attains the tropos of ever-being, that is, conformity with the pre-eternal design. Renewing the circle of creation, grace pours forth a new πρόοδος (proodos), which creates a new reality through synergistic action with God, of which Berdyaev wrote. His insight: "The world process is the eighth day of creation, continuing creation… the task of man and the world is to create the unprecedented, to complement and enrich God's creation" — fits perfectly into St. Maximus's teaching on man the mediator, the meson, clearly supplying the missing piece.
The artist-visionary, according to this general logic, carries out the practice of the "middle terms" at the level of artistically conceived metaphors and symbols of the noetic plane. Metaphors play the role of τρόπος (tropos) — modes of existence of the logoi, the divine ideas about each creature; the intellect (nous) "recognizes" these λόγοι (logoi) with the help of St. Maximus's method. A metaphor, being an image of energy, contains a symbol pointing to a transcendent logos abiding in the One Trinity: "The Trinity is truly a Monad… desiring that all should partake of its unity" (Four Hundred Chapters on Love). Anabasis naturally follows this direction. Working with a symbol becomes a spiritual task of recognizing and gathering the logoi into the One, but before imprinting the symbol, the artist must learn to see the inner logoi of things—and this is achieved not only by a special technique and a general change in the mental optics of perceiving being, as well as by dispassion (apatheia), but also by a special sense of grace-filled love, given in the initial proodos of the Spirit. In the Four Hundred Chapters on Love, love for Maximus is not a feeling, but the driving force of cosmic restoration: ἀγάπη (caritas) is the unifying energy, the root of epistrophe and the resource that makes effective recapitulation possible. "Love… reestablishes the bond between what has been divided" (St. Maximus).
The call to "new creativity" in this system finds both justification and a field for discipline. Berdyaev wrote that "the symbol is a bridge thrown from the creative act to the hidden, ultimate reality"—and therefore symbolism is a condition of the religious transition, but the symbol itself "is not" the highest reality, it points to it, directs toward it. Similarly, Berdyaev touches upon the very idea of theurgy: "In the creative act, man departs from 'this world' (the world of phenomena. Author's note) and passes into another world (the noetic world of logoi, the mental cosmos, the noumenon. Author's note). In the creative act, 'this world' is not organized, but another world is created, the true cosmos (the transfigured mental cosmos, its new tropos. Author's note)" — an assertion that turns the artistic act into a genuine transformative service to the world, re-sacralizes being, transfiguring it through action via the microcosm of the artist-contemplator as a mediator of divisions, calling for art as an act of cosmic healing.
"If a person fulfills his purpose," writes St. Maximus, "he accomplishes anakephalaiosis and gathers all into one… by the grace of the great gift of God have made themselves visible icons of the ineffable and beautiful glory that is to appear…". This quote refers to people who, through theosis, realize the idea of man as the center, the meson, gathering the logoi into unity. Theurgic artists then, through synergistic action, naturally conduct the proodos of a new being from a new ontological perspective.
Synthesizing, we see how Berdyaev's prophetic pathos receives from Maximus both method and context. Berdyaev shows the purpose of creativity—to create "a new heaven and a new earth," to make art a means of re-establishing the cosmos and the world, testifying that "theurgy is accomplished in the Spirit, and not in the sphere of culture; it is the action of grace and freedom, united in the creative act." One must cease identifying one's activity with any artistic or cultural movement, ignore the contemporary art world (especially its degenerate postmodernist art discourse), and follow a "supra-cultural" (in Berdyaev's terms), supra-artistic theurgic mission, interacting with the pre-eternal logoi of well-being. Maximus shows how this can be accomplished by following the ancient contemplative tradition through the sequence: epistrophe, anabasis, mone, proodos — through the asceticism of perception and the activity of the Logos in the soul of the artist.
The synthesis of Berdyaev's prophetic pathos and Maximus's contemplative system opens a path beyond the historical dead end of the "decadent salon." It is a path to an art which, acquiring a method of inner work, is able to become genuine service, not merely a cultural act. In such a synthesis, a new Silver Age could come to pass not as an era of beautiful manifestos and tragic disillusionments, but as a time of ontological sacred action, where the artist, following the Maximian meson, man the mediator, gathers the disintegrated world in the Logos, in order in a synergistic act of theurgic creativity to create its tropos as truly transfigured.
Oleg Korolev
Painting: The Hermit (fragment)
Oil, Canvas 100x80cm 2024