Botany Society

Botany Society Botany society of GPCS It is offical page of Botany society Goverment Postgraduate College Sahiwal

31/12/2020

Happy New Year
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16/12/2020

*100 Facts About DNA:-*
1.DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
2.DNA is part of our definition of a living organism.
3.DNA is found in all living things.
4.DNA was first isolated in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher.
5.James Watson and Francis Crick figured out the structure of DNA.
6.DNA is a double helix.
7.The structure of DNA can be likened to a twisted ladder.
8.The rungs of the ladder are made up of “bases”
9.Adenine (A) is a base.
10.Thymine (T) is a base.
11.Cytosine (C) is a base
12.Guanine (G) is a base.
13.A always pairs with T in DNA.
14.C also pairs with G in DNA.
15.The amount of A is equal to the amount of T, same for C and G.
16.A+C = T+G
17.Hydrogen bonds hold the bases together.
18.The sides of the DNA ladder is made of sugars and phosphate atoms.
19.Bases attached to a sugar; this complex is called a nucleoside.
20.Sugar + phosphate + base = nucleotide.
21.The DNA ladder usually twists to the right.
22.There are many conformations of DNA: A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA are the only ones found in nature.
23.Almost all the cells in our body have DNA with the exception of red blood cells.
24.DNA is the “blueprint” of life.
25.Chromosomal or nuclear DNA is DNA found in the nucleus of cells.
26.Humans have 46 chromosomes.
27.Autosomal DNA is part of chromosomal DNA but does not include the two s*x chromsomes – X and Y.
28.One chromosome can have as little as 50 million base pairs or as much as 250 million base pairs.
29.Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is found in the mitochondria.
30.mtDNA is only passed from the mother to the child because only eggs have mitochondria, not s***m.
31.There’s a copy of our entire DNA sequence in every cell of our body with one exception.
32.Our entire DNA sequence is called a genome.
33.There’s an estimated 3 billion DNA bases in our genome.
34.One million bases (called a megabase and abbreviated Mb) of DNA sequence data is roughly equivalent to 1 megabyte of computer data storage space.
35.Our entire DNA sequence would fill 200 1,000-pag

15/12/2020

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(Gr. Chromos; color: Soma; body) in eukaryotes; a linear thread like structure composed of the DNA and protein, found in the nucleus of the cell. It contain genes; carry genes from parent cell to daughter cells. (Absorb dark stain).
chromosome is circular thread (Strand) composed of solely of DNA.

: A very long fiber of protein and DNA which is loosely coiled and dispersed state of chromosome become chromosomes during cell division, (where tightly coiled or condensed)

: the number of chromosomes varies from species to species (from 2 to 500 pairs) e.g; in human (46),monkey (48), mucor(2), penicillium (2 haploid), drosophila (8), mouse (40), mosquito (6), honey bee (32), rice (24), onion (16), Garden pea (14), Corn (20), sugar cane (80), yeast (18), Neurospora (7 haploid) etc.

: (1) Hofmeister (1848) observed thread like structures in the nuclei of pollen mother cells of Tradescantia. (A plant)
(2) Walther Flemming (1882): German embryologist, observed these thread in a dividing cells of Salamander larvae (Amphibians)
(3) Waldyer (1888): designated these thread, the chromosomes (Chromes, color, soma; body) because they were darkly stained.

:
The chromosomes can be best studied (seen) during metaphase of mitosis.

:
Primary Constriction: divide the chromosome in to two arms.
: in the region of primary constriction lies Centromere.
: each chromosome consist of two chromatids which are attached by Centromere (called sister chromatids).
: around the Centromere a disc shaped protein to which spindle fibers get attached during cell division.
: in some chromosome, another constriction called secondary constriction and the part of chromosome beyond it is called satellite DNA. (later become nucleus)
: the tips of the chromosomes are round and sealed

26/09/2020

*Dear Membrs!*

Hope you all are fine by the mercy of Allah

*"ONE HOUR FREE TRAINING SESSION "*

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The training will be free but you will have to pay *Rs. 100* to get the certificate....

Please Mark your calender and plan to make your participation.

*📌Date:* Sep 29, 2020
*📌Day:* Tuesday
*📌Time:* 5:00 pm
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*Best Regards*
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*President Positive Youth Development Organization*

BEAUTIFUL
19/04/2020

BEAUTIFUL

Hoya carnosaCommon name Honey plant
11/04/2020

Hoya carnosa
Common name Honey plant

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Sahiwal
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